Skin cancer is a medical condition of uncontrolled growth of abnormal skin cells and often detected at an early stage.
Types of skin cancers
The three most common skin cancers are
1. Basal cell cancer
It is the most common type of skin cancer as a result of abnormal growth of the cells in the lowest layer of the epidermis. The cancer rarely spread and kill but can cause significant destruction and disfigurement to the affected skin area and accounted for more than 90% of all skin cancer in the U.S.
2. Squamous cell cancer
It arises from the uncontrolled multiplication of transformed malignant cells in the middle layer of the epidermis.
3. Melanoma
Melanoma is a kind of skin cancer but less common to other skin cancer as a result of malignancy of melanocytes, which are the cell produced dark pigment for your skin. see Melanoma Skin Cancer (Malignant Melanoma)
Causes and risk factors
1. Sun light
Skin cancer is best known as it caused by ultraviolet light of the sun, if you expose yourself in the sun light for a prolonged period of time, it can damage the melanocytes, in some cases, it can cause alternation of cell DNA, leading to skin cancer.
2. Family history
Risk of skin cancer increases if one of your direct family member has them.
3. Age
The risk of basal and squamous cell skin cancers goes up with age.
4. Gender
Risk of skin cancer increases in male gender.
5. Chemical exposures
Risk of skin cancer increase if you are exposure to certain chemicals, such as industrial tar, coal, paraffin, etc.
6. Radiation
Increased risk of skin cancer for people have been treated with radiotherapy, especial in children.
7. Smoking
Increased risk of skin cancer, especially on the lips, if you smoke.
8. Previous skin cancer
Increased risk of skin cancer if you had developed the diseases before.
9. Etc.
symptoms
1. Abnormal Skin Patches, such as flat, scaly, brown or flesh-colored patches
2. A white, waxy scar-like sore
3. Scaly red skin lesion
4. Skin bump or lump
5. Sore that won't heal
6. Unintentional weight loss over 10%
7. Non-healing ulcer especially on lip or ear
8. Etc.
Grades
The Grades of prostate cancer are depending to the tendency of spreading. Low grade cancers usually grow more slowly and are less likely to spread while high grade cancer indicates otherwise.
Stages
Skin Cancer is classified as 5 stages
1. Stage 0
If the cancerous cell have not penetrated in deeper tissue but in the surface of the skin layer.
2. Stage I
In stage I, The cancerous cells are no longer in the surface but have invaded into deep the skin lining, but still completely inside the prostate.
a. Stage IA1
The cancer is not ≤ 3 mm (1/8 inch) deep and ≤ 7 mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.1. Stage IA1:The spreading is < 3mm(1/8 inch) deep and & less than 7mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.2. Stage IA2: The invasion area is ≥ 3 mm but ≤ 5 mm (about 1/5 inch) deep and & less than 7 mm (about 1/4 inch) wide.
b. Stage IB:
The cancer in this stage have invaded the connective tissue, & less than 5mm (1/5 inch).
b.1. Stage IB1: Cancer is 4 cm large (1 3/4 inches).
b.2. Stage IB2:Cancer is ≥ 4 cm (1 3/4 inches) but & less than 5cm (1/5 inch)
3. Stage II
In stage II, the cancerous cells have spread to distant tissues, but is still within the layers of skin.
4. Stage III
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately surrounding the layers of skin.
5. Stage IV
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately outside of the layers of skin, into other distant parts of the body.
Diagnosis and tests
After recording the family history and a careful physical exams, including
1. Examine your skin
To determine whether the skin changes are caused by abnormal cell growth of the skin.
2. Biopsy
In skin biopsy, samples of affected abnormal area are taken by a thin, tube-like instrument to examine under microscopy to review the stage of the cancer.
3. Etc.
Prevention
A. How to avoid
1. Avoid the sun between about 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.
The sunlight are strongest between about 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. if you can state indoor, otherwise, please take pre-caution to prevent damage to your skin. Prolonged sun exposure or sun exposure accumulated over time may cause skin cancer.
2. Use sunscreen
Use sun screen between 10 a.m. to 4. p.m if you have to go out for skin exposed area.
3. Wear protective clothing.
Researchers found that a long-sleeved dark denim shirt offers an estimated UPF of 1,700 – the amounts to a complete sun block. In general, clothing made of tightly-woven fabric are best to protect skin against the sun and don't forget your hat.
4. Avoid tanning beds.
People who exposed to tanning bed at a young age are putting themselves at risk for skin cancer and aging their skin prematurely.
5. Sun sensitive medications.
Certain prescription and over the counter drugs may make your skin sensitive to sunlight, please make sure that you discuss them with your doctor or pharmacist about the side effects.
6. Check your skin regularly
Examine your skin often for new skin changes in existing moles, freckles, bumps and birthmarks will reduce the risk of skin cancer by catching them at the early stage.
7. Etc.
B. Diet
1. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
2. Green tea
In some clinical studies researchers suggested that the polyphenols in green tea, may play an important role in the prevention of cancer by killing cancerous cells and stopping their progression.
3. Cruciferous vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, etc. beside contain high amount of antioxidants, but also phytonutrients that have been shown to help prevent the onset and halt the progression of certain cancers.
4. Soy
In laboratory studies, saponins have shown the ability to inhibit the reproduction of cancer cells and slow the growth of tumors in several different tissues.
5. Freeze dried strawberry
In study of 36 participants consumed 60 grams of freeze dried strawberries daily for six months and completed a dietary diary chronicling their strawberry consumption. The results showed that 29 out of 36 participants experienced a decrease in histological grade of the precancerous lesions during the study.
6. Etc.
C. Nutritional supplements
1. Vitamin A, C. E
Vitamin A, C, E are free radical scavengers enhanced the immune system against the forming of free radicals and prevent the alternation of cell DNA cause of abnormal cell growth. For more information of how antioxidants help to treat cancer, click here
2. Selenium
Research showed that selenium has a protective effect on various stages of cancer, including both the early and later stages of the disease.
3. Vitamin D
In some studies, researchers suggested that postmenopausal women who take calcium and vitamin D supplements may have a lower risk of developing cancer of any kind compared to those who don' t take these supplements.
4. Beta -carotene
In some laboratory, animal, and human studies, researchers found that vitamin A, certain retinoids may also inhibit cancer development.
5. Phytochemicals
Phytochemicals are under active research for possible benefits immune system, and as anti-cancer agents. Flavonoids found abundant in berry, inhibit caner cell in vitro study.
6. Etc.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
1. Freezing.
a. If the cancer is in its early stage, freezing with liquid nitrigen (cryosurgery) is recommended to treat the inffected area. The dead tissue sloughs off when it thaws.
b. Risks and side effects
No health risks to the patient
2. Excisional surgery
Under local anesthesia, excisional surgery cut out a the affected skin cancer and the surrounding area including the extend of certain healthy skin in some cases. Skin reconstruction may be necessary if the removal cancer is located in the face area.
b. Risks and side effects
Surgical and anesthesia risk
3. Laser therapy
a. This is a type of treatment general used to superficial skin cancers by kill the cancer in the affected area with a narrow, intense beam. Laser therapy does little damage to the surrounded skin, with minimal bleeding, swelling and scarring.
b. Risks and side effects
No health risks to the patient
5. Curettage and electrodesiccation.
1. Curettage is the use of a curette to remove tissue by scraping or scooping
2. Electrocauterization is the process of destroying tissue using electric needle
In the operation, your surgeon first removes layers of cancer cells with a curette, then uses the electic needle to destroy the remaining cells.
3. Risks and Side effects
risk of infection
6. Radiotherapy
a. By using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation therapy kills lung cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing. Depending to stage, grade and location of the affected area. Radiation may be used in situations when surgery isn't an option.
b. Side effects
b.1.. Fatigue
b.2. Chest pain
b.3. Heart problem
b.4. Short of breath
b.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
b.6. Etc.
7. Chemotherapy
a. Chemotherapy is most use to treat with advance stage of skin cancer, as it has spread to a distant parts of the body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells.
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
8. Photodynamic therapy (PDT)
a. PDT is a type of treatment generally used to eradicate malignant and early-stage cancer and reduce the tumor size in end-stage cancers. In skin cancer, PDT destroys skin cancer cells with a combination of laser light and drugs that make cancer cells sensitive to light. Patient will need to avoid excessive exposure to sunlight for a period of six weeks.
b. Side effects
b.1. Swelling
b.2. Nausea
b.3. Vomiting
b.4. Etc.
9. Biological therapy
By enhancing the body's own immune or hormonal system to kill cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells relatively intact with the use of antibodies to attack cancer cells or block their activities or interrupting the hormonal or chemical pathways of the cancers with certain drugs composed of small molecules.
b. Side effects
b.1. Allergic reactions,
b. 2. Difficulty breathing, swelling,
b. 3. Nausea,
b.4. Fever or chills, and
b.5. Dizziness and fatigue
b.6. Etc.
B. Heral medicine
1. Flaxseed
In animal studies, researchers found that lignans from flaxseed may also offer some protection against skin cancer including, possibly, the prevention of metastatic spread of melanoma from the skin to the lungs.
2. Green tea
In some clinical studies researchers found that polyphenols in green tea, may play an important role in the prevention of cancer. Researchers also believe that polyphenols help kill cancerous cells and stop their progression.
3. Curcumin
In test tube and animal studies, researchers found that suggests curcumin may help to prevent, control, or kill several types of cancers, including prostate, breast, skin, and colon.
4. Absinthe
Absinthe is also known as Wormwood, a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage flowers extracted from leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer.
5. Etc.
C. in traditional Chinese medicine
1. Ling Zhi
In a study of Ling Zhi extracts tested them on three different types of cells: drug-sensitive small-cell lung cancer, drug-resistant small-cell lung cancer, and normal lung cells, researchers found that Ling Zhi killed lung cancer cells. Cancer cells responded to the herb much in the same way as they would react to chemotherapy drugs. Yet unlike chemotherapy drugs, which can also be toxic to healthy cells, herbal extracts were more deadly to cancer cells than to normal cells, indicating that they have some ability to specifically target cancer.
2. Ban Zhi Lian
Ban Zhi Lian is also known as scutellaria. The bitter and cool herb has been used in TCM as diuretic and to treat tumors and cancer as it clears heat, expels toxins, eliminates stagnation, stops bleeding and calms pain by enhancing the functions of lung, liver, spleen, stomach and large intestine channels. In a recent study results suggest that ginger, tea, and a Chinese herb called Scutellaria barbata or Ban Zhi Lian could all help to prevent cancer.
3. Pu Kong Yin (Dandelion Root)
In a study of the efficacy of dandelion root extract in inducing apoptosis in drug-resistant human melanoma cells, researchers found that treatment with this common, yet potent extract of natural compounds has proven novel in specifically inducing apoptosis in chemoresistant melanoma, without toxicity to healthy cells.
4. Jie Geng
The Researchers found that aponins in Jie Geng have been shown to very significantly augment the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and other targeted toxins directed against human cancer cells.
5. Gan Cao
Gan Cao is also known as Licorice root. In-vitro, researchers found that saponins in Gan Cao stimulate the immune system and inhibit Epstein-Barr virus expression and possess anti-cancer activities.
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
Please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Wednesday, June 22, 2011
Most Common Types of Cancer - Soft Tissue Sarcomas (Sarcomas of the soft tissues)
Soft-tissue sarcomas or sarcomas of the soft tissues are defined as a condition in which cancer arises from the tissue of connect, support, or surround other structures and organs of the body, including includes tendons, ligaments, fascia, skin, fibrous tissues, fat, muscles, nerves blood vessels, etc.
Causes and risk factors
1. Certain chemical exposure
Exposure to chlorophenols and phenoxy herbicides might increase the risk of soft-tissue sarcomas.
2. Exposure to radiation
Researchers found that high doses of radiation caused increase the risk of soft-tissue sarcomas in some patients.
3. Herpesvirus
Researchers believe that herpesvirus is associated the increased risk of sarcomas of the soft tissues.
4. Heredity
Researchers found that certain inherited diseases and gene mutation are associated with an increased risk of developing soft-tissue sarcomas.
5. Age
A distinct group of sarcomas occurs in children in the first few years of their life. A second group develop in adulthood onward.
6. HIV/AIDs
Children with weakened immune system due to HIV or AIDS have an increased risk of development of leiomyosarcomas.
7. Smoking
American study showed that smokers have a increased risk of dying from soft tissue sarcoma than non-smokers, but other study showed no increased risk.
8 . Etc.
Main types of soft tissue sarcomas
Depending to where the cancer began soft tissue sarcomas can be classified
1. Fibrosarcomas (fibrous tissue)
2. Leiomyosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas (white and red muscle accordingly)
3. Liposarcomas (fatty tissue)
4. Angiosarcomas (in the walls of blood or lymphatic vessels)
5. Rofibrosarcoma (fibrous covering of nerve)
6. MFH (primitive mesoderm cell of some types)
7. Etc.
Symptoms
1. Early stage
Soft tissue sarcomas cause no symptom in the early stage.
pain or soreness, as it presses against nearby nerves and muscles. If in the abdomen it can cause abdominal pains commonly mistaken for menstrual cramps, indigestion, or cause constipation.
2. Lumps
Due to abnormal cell growth.
3. Pain
Pain is a result of the enlarged tumor has pressed against nearby nerves.
4. Bleeding
If cancer is located in the abdomen or digestive tract.
4. Unintentional weight loss
Any unintentional weight loss over 10% is a concern
5. Loss of appetite
It occurs to most patients with cancer.
6. Etc.
Diagnosis and tests
1. Biopsy
In soft tissue sarcomas biopsy, samples are taken by a thin, tube-like instrument to examine under microscopy to review the stage of the cancer.
2. Incision biopsy or surgical biopsy
In most cases, if the tumor is small, surgical biopsy will be used to remove a sample or part of the tumor, if possible, the entire tumor and surrounding area through the incision of the skin. The operation is performed under local or general anesthesia, depending to location and size of the tumor.
3. CT scan
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the tumors abnormalities, such as spreading of cancer to the nearby structure and lymph nodes. Unfortunately, CT scan can only review the existence of cancer, but can not tell it is a primary or secondary cancer.
4. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the metastasis of cancer in the affected and surrounded areas.
5. Chest X ray
If cancer arises from the chest soft-tissue or cancer has spread to the chest.
6. Bone scan
It is a nuclear scanning test, beside mostly used in identifying new areas of bone growth and damage to the bones breakdown, it can also evaluates the metastasis (spread) of cancer in the bone, if you doctor suspected that the cancer has spread.
7. Etc.
Grades
The Grades of Soft Tissue Sarcomas are depending to the tendency of spreading. Low grade cancers usually grow more slowly and are less likely to spread while high grade cancer indicates otherwise.
Stages
Sarcomas of The Soft Tissues is classified as 5 stages
1. Stage 0
If the cancerous cell have not penetrated in deeper tissue but in the surface of the soft tissue.
2. Stage I
In stage I, the cancerous cells are no longer in the surface but have invaded into deep the soft lining, but still completely inside the soft tissue.
a. Stage IA
The cancer is not ≤ 3 mm (1/8 inch) deep and ≤ 7 mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.1. Stage IA1:
The invasion area is ≥ 3mm(1/8 inch) deep and & less than 7mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.2. Stage IA2:
The invasion area is ≥ 3 mm but ≤ 5 mm (about 1/5 inch) deep and & less than 7 mm (about 1/4 inch) wide.
b. Stage IB:
The cancer in this stage have invaded the connective tissue but less than 5cm (2 inch)
b.1. Stage IB1:
Cancer is 4 cm large (1 3/4 inches).
b.2. Stage IB2:
Cancer is ≥ 4 cm (1 3/4 inches) but less than 5cm (2 inch)
3. Stage II
In stage II, the cancerous cells have spread to distant tissues, but is still within the soft tissue.
4. Stage III
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately surrounding the soft tissue.
5. Stage IV
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately outside of the affected soft tissue into other distant parts of the body.
Prevention
A. What to avoid
There is no known way to prevent soft tissue sarcomas, but
1. Certain chemical exposure
Prevent exposure your self to certain chemical. In case of unavoidable, please use all proper protective equipment.
2. Avoid HIV infection
Since HIV infections are acquired through unprotected sexual intercours, practiczing safe sex will help.
3. Etc.
B. Diet
For over 100 healthy foods classifcation, click here
1. Cruciferous vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, etc. beside contain high amount of antioxidants, but also phytonutrients that have been shown to help prevent the onset and halt the progression of certain cancers.
2. Tomato
Many studies showed that antioxidant lycopene in tomato inhibits cancer cell growth and exhibit apoptosis, causing cell death.
3. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
4. Carrot
Carrot contains high amount of beta carotene which has shown to induce appotosis of cancer cells. In study of Cell Cycle Regulation and Induction of Apoptosis by β-carotene, researchers found that in vivo study warrants further confirmation that β-carotene acts as apoptosis agent in cancer cells particularly leukemia cells but not normal cells.
5. Green tea
In some clinical studies researchers suggested that the polyphenols in green tea, may play an important role in the prevention of cancer by killing cancerous cells and stopping their progression.
6. Etc.
C. Nutritional supplements
1. Antioxidant
Antioxidants such as free radical scavengers vitamin A, C, E enhance the immune system against the forming of free radicals and prevent the alternation of cell DNA cause of abnormal cell growth. For more information of how antioxidants help to treat cancer, click here
2. Flavonoids
In a study of flavonoids intake in human, The researchers found that flavonoids’ anticancer property has been proposed to exist via prevention of the formation of cancer-causing metabolites, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and stimulation of programmed tumor cell self-destruction (apoptosis).
3. Phytochemicals
Phytochemicals are under active research for possible benefits immune system, and as anti-cancer agents. Flavonoids found abundant in berry, inhibit caner cell in vitro study.
4. Indole-3-carbinol
Cabbage, a curciferous vegetables contains high amount of indole-3-carbinol, a chemical which boosts DNA repair in cells and appears to block the growth of cancer cells.
5. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
6. Etc.
Treatment
A. In conventional medicine
Treatments are depended on the to the age of patients as children sarcomas are curative and fundamental difference from those of adult, grade, size and stage of the tumor. In children, Chemotherapy used after surgery with or without radiotherapy offers higher chance of curing.
1. Surgery
Surgery is considered as a primary treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. The aims of the surgery is to provide cure by completely remove the cancer if possible. If not then radiotherapy and chemotherapy will be used to kill remain cancer either locally or in the body
b. Risks and side effects
Surgical and anesthesia risks
2. Radiotherapy
a. Radiation may be used for stages II, III, and IV to kill any cancer cells remaining in the body locally. By using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation therapy kills the cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing.
b. Side effects
b.1. Fatigue
b.2. Chest pain
b.3. Heart problem
b.4. Short of breath
b.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
b.6. Etc.
3. Chemotherapy
a. Chemotherapy is most use to treat with advance stage of cancer combined with radio therapy, as it has spread to a distant parts of the body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells. In sarcoma soft tissue, chemo is recommended to shrink the tumor if surgery is not possible in the place
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
B. Herbal medicine
1. Absinthe
Absinthe is also known as Wormwood, a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage flowers extracted from leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer.
2. Fenugreek
Fenugreek is used both as a herb (the leaves) and as a spice (the seed), genus Trigonella, belonging to family Fabaceae. Vitro studies have shown that fenugreek exhibits chemopreventive properties against certain cancers.
3. Aloe
In some studies, researchers suggest that some chemical compounds of aloe, such as acemannan, aloeride, and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) may have immunomodulating and anticancer effects.
4. Asparagus Cochinchinensis
In vitro studies researchers found that curcumin acts as a weak phytoestrogen, exhibits neuroprotective, antiproliferative and preventative effects against cancer.
5. Etc.
C. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. Qing hao
Qing hao is also known as wormwood. The bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM totrea lupus, schistosomiasis, chronic bronchitis (essential oil) to elevate the calcium ions of leukemia white cells, etc. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington researcher found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of Chinese folk medicine.
2. Wu Ling Zhi
Wu Ling Zhi is also known as Trogopterus Dung. A report from China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2006-07 showed that Radix ex Rhizoma Ginseng and Trogopterus Dung inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of tumor cell.
3. Jie geng
Jie geng is also known as Platycodon Root. The Researchers found that Saponins in Jie Geng have been shown to very significantly augment the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and other targeted toxins directed against human cancer cells.
4. Bai Hua She She Cao
The Sanjiv Kumar YADAV, Shao Chin LEE(Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore researcher results showed that the ethanol extract from Bai Hua She She Cao effectively evokes cancer cell apoptosis, possibly through burst-mediated caspase activation.
5. Ban Zhi Lian
Ban Zhi Lian is also known as scutellaria. In a recent study results suggest that ginger, tea, and a Chinese herb called Scutellaria barbata or Ban Zhi Lian could all help to prevent cancer.
6. Etc.
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
Please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Causes and risk factors
1. Certain chemical exposure
Exposure to chlorophenols and phenoxy herbicides might increase the risk of soft-tissue sarcomas.
2. Exposure to radiation
Researchers found that high doses of radiation caused increase the risk of soft-tissue sarcomas in some patients.
3. Herpesvirus
Researchers believe that herpesvirus is associated the increased risk of sarcomas of the soft tissues.
4. Heredity
Researchers found that certain inherited diseases and gene mutation are associated with an increased risk of developing soft-tissue sarcomas.
5. Age
A distinct group of sarcomas occurs in children in the first few years of their life. A second group develop in adulthood onward.
6. HIV/AIDs
Children with weakened immune system due to HIV or AIDS have an increased risk of development of leiomyosarcomas.
7. Smoking
American study showed that smokers have a increased risk of dying from soft tissue sarcoma than non-smokers, but other study showed no increased risk.
8 . Etc.
Main types of soft tissue sarcomas
Depending to where the cancer began soft tissue sarcomas can be classified
1. Fibrosarcomas (fibrous tissue)
2. Leiomyosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas (white and red muscle accordingly)
3. Liposarcomas (fatty tissue)
4. Angiosarcomas (in the walls of blood or lymphatic vessels)
5. Rofibrosarcoma (fibrous covering of nerve)
6. MFH (primitive mesoderm cell of some types)
7. Etc.
Symptoms
1. Early stage
Soft tissue sarcomas cause no symptom in the early stage.
pain or soreness, as it presses against nearby nerves and muscles. If in the abdomen it can cause abdominal pains commonly mistaken for menstrual cramps, indigestion, or cause constipation.
2. Lumps
Due to abnormal cell growth.
3. Pain
Pain is a result of the enlarged tumor has pressed against nearby nerves.
4. Bleeding
If cancer is located in the abdomen or digestive tract.
4. Unintentional weight loss
Any unintentional weight loss over 10% is a concern
5. Loss of appetite
It occurs to most patients with cancer.
6. Etc.
Diagnosis and tests
1. Biopsy
In soft tissue sarcomas biopsy, samples are taken by a thin, tube-like instrument to examine under microscopy to review the stage of the cancer.
2. Incision biopsy or surgical biopsy
In most cases, if the tumor is small, surgical biopsy will be used to remove a sample or part of the tumor, if possible, the entire tumor and surrounding area through the incision of the skin. The operation is performed under local or general anesthesia, depending to location and size of the tumor.
3. CT scan
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the tumors abnormalities, such as spreading of cancer to the nearby structure and lymph nodes. Unfortunately, CT scan can only review the existence of cancer, but can not tell it is a primary or secondary cancer.
4. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the metastasis of cancer in the affected and surrounded areas.
5. Chest X ray
If cancer arises from the chest soft-tissue or cancer has spread to the chest.
6. Bone scan
It is a nuclear scanning test, beside mostly used in identifying new areas of bone growth and damage to the bones breakdown, it can also evaluates the metastasis (spread) of cancer in the bone, if you doctor suspected that the cancer has spread.
7. Etc.
Grades
The Grades of Soft Tissue Sarcomas are depending to the tendency of spreading. Low grade cancers usually grow more slowly and are less likely to spread while high grade cancer indicates otherwise.
Stages
Sarcomas of The Soft Tissues is classified as 5 stages
1. Stage 0
If the cancerous cell have not penetrated in deeper tissue but in the surface of the soft tissue.
2. Stage I
In stage I, the cancerous cells are no longer in the surface but have invaded into deep the soft lining, but still completely inside the soft tissue.
a. Stage IA
The cancer is not ≤ 3 mm (1/8 inch) deep and ≤ 7 mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.1. Stage IA1:
The invasion area is ≥ 3mm(1/8 inch) deep and & less than 7mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.2. Stage IA2:
The invasion area is ≥ 3 mm but ≤ 5 mm (about 1/5 inch) deep and & less than 7 mm (about 1/4 inch) wide.
b. Stage IB:
The cancer in this stage have invaded the connective tissue but less than 5cm (2 inch)
b.1. Stage IB1:
Cancer is 4 cm large (1 3/4 inches).
b.2. Stage IB2:
Cancer is ≥ 4 cm (1 3/4 inches) but less than 5cm (2 inch)
3. Stage II
In stage II, the cancerous cells have spread to distant tissues, but is still within the soft tissue.
4. Stage III
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately surrounding the soft tissue.
5. Stage IV
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately outside of the affected soft tissue into other distant parts of the body.
Prevention
A. What to avoid
There is no known way to prevent soft tissue sarcomas, but
1. Certain chemical exposure
Prevent exposure your self to certain chemical. In case of unavoidable, please use all proper protective equipment.
2. Avoid HIV infection
Since HIV infections are acquired through unprotected sexual intercours, practiczing safe sex will help.
3. Etc.
B. Diet
For over 100 healthy foods classifcation, click here
1. Cruciferous vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, etc. beside contain high amount of antioxidants, but also phytonutrients that have been shown to help prevent the onset and halt the progression of certain cancers.
2. Tomato
Many studies showed that antioxidant lycopene in tomato inhibits cancer cell growth and exhibit apoptosis, causing cell death.
3. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
4. Carrot
Carrot contains high amount of beta carotene which has shown to induce appotosis of cancer cells. In study of Cell Cycle Regulation and Induction of Apoptosis by β-carotene, researchers found that in vivo study warrants further confirmation that β-carotene acts as apoptosis agent in cancer cells particularly leukemia cells but not normal cells.
5. Green tea
In some clinical studies researchers suggested that the polyphenols in green tea, may play an important role in the prevention of cancer by killing cancerous cells and stopping their progression.
6. Etc.
C. Nutritional supplements
1. Antioxidant
Antioxidants such as free radical scavengers vitamin A, C, E enhance the immune system against the forming of free radicals and prevent the alternation of cell DNA cause of abnormal cell growth. For more information of how antioxidants help to treat cancer, click here
2. Flavonoids
In a study of flavonoids intake in human, The researchers found that flavonoids’ anticancer property has been proposed to exist via prevention of the formation of cancer-causing metabolites, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and stimulation of programmed tumor cell self-destruction (apoptosis).
3. Phytochemicals
Phytochemicals are under active research for possible benefits immune system, and as anti-cancer agents. Flavonoids found abundant in berry, inhibit caner cell in vitro study.
4. Indole-3-carbinol
Cabbage, a curciferous vegetables contains high amount of indole-3-carbinol, a chemical which boosts DNA repair in cells and appears to block the growth of cancer cells.
5. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
6. Etc.
Treatment
A. In conventional medicine
Treatments are depended on the to the age of patients as children sarcomas are curative and fundamental difference from those of adult, grade, size and stage of the tumor. In children, Chemotherapy used after surgery with or without radiotherapy offers higher chance of curing.
1. Surgery
Surgery is considered as a primary treatment of soft tissue sarcoma. The aims of the surgery is to provide cure by completely remove the cancer if possible. If not then radiotherapy and chemotherapy will be used to kill remain cancer either locally or in the body
b. Risks and side effects
Surgical and anesthesia risks
2. Radiotherapy
a. Radiation may be used for stages II, III, and IV to kill any cancer cells remaining in the body locally. By using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation therapy kills the cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing.
b. Side effects
b.1. Fatigue
b.2. Chest pain
b.3. Heart problem
b.4. Short of breath
b.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
b.6. Etc.
3. Chemotherapy
a. Chemotherapy is most use to treat with advance stage of cancer combined with radio therapy, as it has spread to a distant parts of the body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells. In sarcoma soft tissue, chemo is recommended to shrink the tumor if surgery is not possible in the place
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
B. Herbal medicine
1. Absinthe
Absinthe is also known as Wormwood, a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage flowers extracted from leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer.
2. Fenugreek
Fenugreek is used both as a herb (the leaves) and as a spice (the seed), genus Trigonella, belonging to family Fabaceae. Vitro studies have shown that fenugreek exhibits chemopreventive properties against certain cancers.
3. Aloe
In some studies, researchers suggest that some chemical compounds of aloe, such as acemannan, aloeride, and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) may have immunomodulating and anticancer effects.
4. Asparagus Cochinchinensis
In vitro studies researchers found that curcumin acts as a weak phytoestrogen, exhibits neuroprotective, antiproliferative and preventative effects against cancer.
5. Etc.
C. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. Qing hao
Qing hao is also known as wormwood. The bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM totrea lupus, schistosomiasis, chronic bronchitis (essential oil) to elevate the calcium ions of leukemia white cells, etc. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington researcher found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of Chinese folk medicine.
2. Wu Ling Zhi
Wu Ling Zhi is also known as Trogopterus Dung. A report from China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2006-07 showed that Radix ex Rhizoma Ginseng and Trogopterus Dung inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of tumor cell.
3. Jie geng
Jie geng is also known as Platycodon Root. The Researchers found that Saponins in Jie Geng have been shown to very significantly augment the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and other targeted toxins directed against human cancer cells.
4. Bai Hua She She Cao
The Sanjiv Kumar YADAV, Shao Chin LEE(Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore researcher results showed that the ethanol extract from Bai Hua She She Cao effectively evokes cancer cell apoptosis, possibly through burst-mediated caspase activation.
5. Ban Zhi Lian
Ban Zhi Lian is also known as scutellaria. In a recent study results suggest that ginger, tea, and a Chinese herb called Scutellaria barbata or Ban Zhi Lian could all help to prevent cancer.
6. Etc.
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
Please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Most Common Types of Cancer -Prostate Cancer
Prostate warped around the around a tube (the urethra) is a gland of the male reproductive system found in front of the rectum and just below the bladder and responsible for making some of semen that carries sperm.
Prostate cancer is defined as a condition in which the cells of prostate has become cancerous, causing abnormal cell growth which spread to the distant parts of the body. Most prostate cancers are slow growing and enlarged prostate and prostate cancer may be detected during the Physical (rectum) exams.
Causes and risk factors
1. Age
The risk of developing prostate cancer increases with age of over 45
2. Family history
Statistic showed that if one of your directed family member has prostate cancer, your are twice at risk to develop it as well.
3. Race
Prostate cancer are more likely to strike black and white or Hispanic men in the US.
4. Heredity
Certain genes mutation are associated in promoting the growth of prostate cancer, including Hereditary Prostate cancer gene 1 (HPC1), transmembrane protease, serine 2-ERG or Transmembrane protease, serine 2-ETV1/4, etc.
Researcher found that up to 70 percent of men with prostate cancer have lost one copy of the Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene at the time of diagnosis. The tumor protein 53
(p53) mutations are late event in pathology of prostate cancer.
5. Low levels of vitamin D in blood
Researcher found that men with deficiency of level of vitamin D in the blood are at higher risk to develop prostate cancer.
6. Excessive drinking
Excessive drink not only increases the risk of liver cancer but also associated with higher risk of prostate cancer as it interfere with folate metabolism. Risk of prostate cancer is much high for men with excessive drinking habit and folate deficiency.
7. Enlarged prostate
Men with enlarged prostate are at high risk in developing prostate cancer.
8. Sexual transmitting diseases
Infected diseases such as chlamydia, gonorrhea, or syphilis are associated with higher risk of the diseases.
9. Obesity
In a study of Obesity May Raise Risk of Prostate Cancer Spread, Christopher J. Keto, MD, a urological oncology postdoctoral associate at Duke University Medical Center, Durham, N.C. found that overweight men were three times more likely to have their cancer spread.
10. Etc.
Symptoms
1. Frequent urination
Need to urinate many time than usual for over periods of 1 year or 2, as a result of enlarged tumors that press against the bladder.
2. Urgency
A desire to pass urinate more urgency as a result of enlarged tumor pressing against the bladder.
3. Dribbling
After finished passing urine, urine continues to dribbles as a result of the enlarged prostate tumor.4. Hesitancy
Have to wait a long time for the urine stream to start as a result of cancer has narrowing the urethra.5. Blood in the urine
Prostate cancer may have damaged any part of the urinary track.
6. Painful urination and ejaculation
As the cancer has grown large enough to interfere with the function of the urethra
7. Blood in the semen
As the cancer has grow large enough to damage inside the walls of urethra.
8. Lower back pain
As a result of the enlarged prostate tumor has pressed on spinal nerves.
9. New-onset erectile dysfunction (impotence)
Prostate cancer has interfered with blood vessels, responding to the erection.
10. Etc.
Diagnosis and tests
A. Blood tests
1. Digital Rectal Examination (DRE)
Digital rectal examination is included of physical exam, if you have some of the above symptoms or during an general exam. In DRE, your doctor inserts a lubricated, gloved finger into the rectum to feel the surface of the prostate gland to check for any abnormality of prostate.2. Trans rectal Ultrasound (TRUS)
Ultrasound allows your doctor to visualize and assess the size of your prostate and to check for any abnormality and surrounding area with image taken from the test. In transcrectal ultrasound, a probe is inserted into the rectum to emit ultrasonic impulses against the prostate.
3. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
The test is to measure the levels of rostate-specific antigen (PSA), a protein produced by the prostate. The high levels of PSA may be a indication of higher risk of the presence of prostate cancer.
4. Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) test
Prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) is a test to measure the level of prostatic acid phosphatase, an enzyme produced by the prostate. The higher the levels of PAP is an indication of the disease progression.
B. Prostate biopsy
In prostate biopsy, samples of prostate are taken by a thin, tube-like instrument to examine under microscopy to review the stage of the cancer.C. Bone scan
It is a nuclear scanning test, beside mostly used in identifying new areas of bone growth and damage to the bones breakdown, it can also evaluates the metastasis (spread) of cancer in the bone, if you doctor suspected that the prostate cancer has been spreading to the bone.
D. Etc.
Grades
The Grades of prostate cancer are depending to the tendency of spreading. Low grade cancers usually grow more slowly and are less likely to spread while high grade cancer indicates otherwise.
Stages
Prostate cancer is classified as 5 stages
1. Stage 0
If the cancerous cell have not penetrated in deeper tissue but in the surface of the prostate lining.
2. Stage I
In stage I, The cancerous cells are no longer in the surface but have invaded into deep the prostate lining, but still completely inside the prostate.
In stage I, The cancerous cells are no longer in the surface but have invaded into deep the prostate lining, but still completely inside the prostate.
a. Stage IA1
The cancer is not ≤ 3 mm (1/8 inch) deep and ≤ 7 mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.1. Stage IA1:The spreading is < 3mm(1/8 inch) deep and & less than 7mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.2. Stage IA2: The invasion area is ≥ 3 mm but ≤ 5 mm (about 1/5 inch) deep and & less than 7 mm (about 1/4 inch) wide.
b. Stage IB:
The cancer in this stage have invaded the connective tissue, & less than 5cm (2 inches).
b.1. Stage IB1: Cancer is 4 cm large (1 3/4 inches).
b.2. Stage IB2:Cancer is ≥ 4 cm (1 3/4 inches) but & less than 5cm (2 inches)3. Stage II
In stage II, the cancerous cells have spread to distant tissues, but is still within the prostate.
4. Stage III
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately surrounding the prostate.
5. Stage IV
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately outside of the prostate, into other distant parts of the body
Preventions
A. How to avoid
1. Safe sex
Sexual transmitting diseases, such as are known to associated with higher risk of prostate cancer. Men have several sex partner should consider the use of condom.
2. Reduce drinking and take folate supplement
Risk of prostate cancer is much high for men with excessive drinking habit and folate deficiency.
3. Walking
Researchers found that walking at least three hours a week slow the progression of prostate cancer by a rate of 57 per cent or even prevent the development of prostate cancer.
4. Physical activity
Physical activity such as exercise, walking, swimming, etc. can reduce levels of the chemicals that stimulate cancer growth and metabolism of proteins released by fat cells.
5. Avoid Diet high in red meat
In the October 6th issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, researchers found that Men who diet high in red meat are at higher risk of prostate cancer.
6. Drinking your milk
Milk contains high amount of vitamin D that can reduce the risk of prostate cancer caused by vitamin D deficiency in the blood.
7. Etc.
B. With diet
1. Soy
In laboratory studies, saponins have shown the ability to inhibit the reproduction of cancer cells and slow the growth of tumors in several different tissues.
2. Green Tea
In a study of examination of the effects of green tea extracts, researcher found that halts growth of oral cancer cells and breaks down and kills existing oral cancer.
3. Cruciferous vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, etc. beside contain high amount of antioxidants, but also phytonutrients that have been shown to help prevent the onset and halt the progression of certain cancers.
4. Tomato
Many studies showed that antioxidant lycopene in tomato inhibits cancer cell growth and exhibit apoptosis, causing cell death.
5. Carrot
Carrot contains high amount of beta carotene which has shown to induce appotosis of cancer cells. In study of Cell Cycle Regulation and Induction of Apoptosis by β-carotene, researchers found that in vivo study warrants further confirmation that β-carotene acts as apoptosis agent in cancer cells particularly leukemia cells but not normal cells.
6. Etc.
C. With nutritional supplements
1. Antioxidants
Antioxidants such free radical scavengers vitamin A, C, E enhance the immune system against the forming of free radicals and prevent the alternation of cell DNA cause of abnormal cell growth.
2.. Vitamin D
In a study published in the journal BJU International, vitamin D supplements may slow the progress of prostate cancer.
3. Lycopene
Studies have shown that men who consume large doses of lycopene have a much lower incidence of prostate cancer.
4. Beta -carotene
In some laboratory, animal, and human studies, researchers found that vitamin A, certain retinoids may also inhibit cancer development.
5. linoleic acid
In the October 6th issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, researchers found that linoleic acid reduces the risk of prostate cancer-progression by 40 percent.
6. Flavonoids
In a study of flavonoids intake in human, The researchers found that flavonoids’ anticancer property has been proposed to exist via prevention of the formation of cancer-causing metabolites, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and stimulation of programmed tumor cell self-destruction (apoptosis).
7. Etc.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
Treatment of prostate cancer is depended on the diagnosis of grade, stage and the speed of the growth of the cancer
A.1. Treatments for Non-invasive prostate cancer
1. Observation
Due to prostate cancer slow-growth nature and if surgery and radiotherapy might post too higher of a risk, your doctor might take a wait and see status but only recommend in the first instance when it is necessary.
2. Surgery
a. In surgery, after determine the grade, stage and speed of slow growth, the surgeon will try to remove as much as cancer infected area as possible. in prostate cancer, most comone surgery is to remove the entire prostate grand with the incision in the perineum or a prostatetomy with incision just above public area.
b. Risks and side effects
Surgical and anesthesia risks
c. Things you must know before surgery
c.1. No semen fluid when you have sex
c.2. Impotent
It is happen to over 50% of all cases
c.3. There will be catheter attached to your bladder for fluid draining.
3. Radio therapy
a. Radiation may be used to treat non-invasion prostate cancer due to certain concerns such as important or general medical conditions of a patient. Radio therapy used high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation therapy kills the cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing. In prostate cancer, brachytherapy, similar to general radiotherapy with a implant of of a small radioactive seed into the tumor
c. Side effects
c.1. Fatigue
c.2. Chest pain
c.3. Heart problem
c.4. Short of breath
c.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
c.6. Etc.
3. Etc.
A.2. Treatments for invasive prostate cancer
If all diagnosis indicated that the cancer has spread to distant parts of the body
1. Hormone therapy
In most case, prostate cancer is required testosterone to feed its growth. hormone therapy works by blocking the testosterone in your body, leading to either die or slow down and stop growing. Drugs used include leuprolide, goserelin, cyproterone, etc.
2. Surgical castration
a. It is a surgery to the production of testosterone by removing the testes. There are many thing you should consider such as castration will make you infertile, and this effect is absolutely irreversible, drastic decrease in your sex drive, etc.
b. Side effects
Surgical and anesthesia risks
3. Radiotherapy
a. Radiation may be used for stages II, III, and IV to kill any cancer cells remaining in the body. By using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation therapy kills the cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing.
c. Side effects
c.1. Fatigue
c.2. Chest pain
c.3. Heart problem
c.4. Short of breath
c.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
c.6. Etc.
3. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is most use to treat with advance stage of cancer combined with radio therapy, as it has spread to a distant parts of the body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells. Ovarian cancer is often respond well to chemotherapy. In prostate cancer, chemo is recommended if other treatments has been tried without success, because of prostate arduous nature.
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
B. In Herbal medicine
1. Zyflamend
Zyflamend is a formulation containing ten different herbs, including Holy basil, turmeric, ginger, green tea, rosemary, hu zhang, Chinese goldthread, barberry, etc. 18 month study was conducted at Columbia University and New York Presbyterian hospital indicated that 48% of the participants demonstrated a 25%-50% reduction in PSA levels by the 18 month mark and 60% of the volunteers showed completely benign prostate biopsies at the end of the study.
2. Fenugreek is used both as a herb (the leaves) and as a spice (the seed), genus Trigonella, belonging to family Fabaceae. Vitro studies have shown that fenugreek exhibits chemopreventive properties against certain cancers.
3. Pygeum Africanum Extract
In a sudy of isolated from Pygeum africanum bark exhibits androgen antagonistic activity, inhibits AR nuclear translocation and prostate cancer cell growth. Invest New Drugs. 2010 Dec;28(6):729-43. researchers found that pygeum components inhibit the nuclear transport of AR and inhibit prostate specific antigen (PSA) expression and efficiently represses the growth of both the androgen-dependent and some types of androgen-independent protate cancer cells.
4. Turmeric
In a study conducted by S. Uddin and colleagues at the Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Saudi Arabia, researchers found that Curcumin in turmeric may inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma cancer by modulating cell cycling and inducing apoptosis.
5. Absinthe
Absinthe is also known as Wormwood, a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage flowers extracted from leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer.
6. Etc.
C. In traditional Chinese medicine
1. Ling Zhi
In a study of Ling Zhi extracts tested them on three different types of cells: drug-sensitive small-cell lung cancer, drug-resistant small-cell lung cancer, and normal lung cells, researchers found that Ling Zhi killed lung cancer cells. Cancer cells responded to the herb much in the same way as they would react to chemotherapy drugs. Yet unlike chemotherapy drugs, which can also be toxic to healthy cells, herbal extracts were more deadly to cancer cells than to normal cells, indicating that they have some ability to specifically target cancer.
2. Bai Hua She She Cao
The Sanjiv Kumar YADAV, Shao Chin LEE(Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore researcher results showed that the ethanol extract from Bai Hua She She Cao effectively evokes cancer cell apoptosis, possibly through burst-mediated caspase activation.
3. Ban Zhi Lian
Ban Zhi Lian is also known as scutellaria. The bitter and cool herb has been used in TCM as diuretic and to treat tumors and cancer as it clears heat, expels toxins, eliminates stagnation, stops bleeding and calms pain by enhancing the functions of lung, liver, spleen, stomach and large intestine channels. In a recent study results suggest that ginger, tea, and a Chinese herb called Scutellaria barbata or Ban Zhi Lian could all help to prevent cancer.
4. Wu bei zi (Chinese Galls)
In a study of melanogenesis inhibition by gallotannins from Chinese galls in B16 mouse melanoma cells, researchers indicated that Chinese galls inhibit melanin biosynthesis, associated with hyperpigmentation and can be used as skin-whitening cosmetics for skin care.
5. Huang Qi
In study of Astragalus-Based Chinese Herbs and Platinum-Based Chemotherapy for Advanced Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials, researchers found that astragalus may increase effectiveness of platinum-based chemotherapy when combined with chemotherapy. These results require confirmation with rigorously controlled trials.
According to the American Cancer Society, the substances, licochalcone-A, licocoumarone and glabridin, which are present in licorice root, may prevent mutations in the DNA and kill existing cancer.
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
Please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Most common Types of Cancer -Pancreatic Cancer (Exocrine Cancers)
Pancreas is an oblong flattened gland in the digestive and endocrine system located in the abdomen. By secreting pancreatic juice to the small intestine, pancreas helps to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Traditional Chinese medicine view pancreas as a vital organ in responsible for the absorption of foods' qi and nutrients before passing them to other organs to nourish our body.
Cancer of pancreas or pancreatic cancer is defined as condition of a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas, as the cells have become cancerous and divided uncontrollably. Most pancreatic cancers start in the ducts (exocrine component of the pancreas) that carry pancreatic juices with cancer of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue accounts for over 75 - 90% of all cases of exocrine cancers.
Causes and risk factors
1. Age
The risk of the disease increases with age. It may be caused by wear and tear or due to diet which have stressed out of the organ.
2. Gender
Men is at higher risk than women to develop pancreatic cancer due to more men are smokers and heavy drinkers
3. Foods contamination with chemical agent
As a result of contamination of food qi absorbed by the pancreas during digestion (TCM)
No one known how cigarette carcinogens trigger pancreatic cancer but the link is there.
4. Alcohol
Researchers suggested that pancreatic cancer may be is a predisposed of chronic pancreatitis due to excessive alcohol drinking.
5. Family history
Studies showed that 5–10% of pancreatic cancer patients have a family history of pancreatic cancer.
6. Western diet
Diet high in fat, sugar, artificial sweeteners, low veggies and fruits are at risk to develop pancreatic cancer.
7. Diabetes
Onset of diabetes is the early sign of the disease
8. Obesity
Obesity is one of the major cause of diabetes.
9. Smoking
According to the American Cancer Society, smoking increases the risks associated with pancreatic cancer
10. Etc.
1. Back pain
Due to tumor grows in the back of the pancreas
2. Unxeplained weight loss
Any unintentional weight loss over 10% may be a symptoms of cancer
3. Loss of appetite
This is another common symptoms of cancer
4. Pain and discomfort in the stomach area
Due to location of pancreas
5. Jaundice
Due the blockage of bile duct as the growth of the cancer, causing bile back up to the liver
6. Fat in stool increase
As a result of less bile flow in aiding digestion.
7. Etc.
Diagnosis and tests
1. Endoscopic retrograde cannulation of the pancreas (ERCP)
ERCP is a test to look for any normality of pancreas by taking the X ray with dye injected by a endoscopy (which is thin tube inserted through the mouth into the stomach then into the duodenum) into the pancreas duct.
2. CT scan
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the tumors abnormalities, such as spreading of cancer to the nearby structure and lymph nodes. This test is helped to determine whether liver abnormality is a cyst or a tumor. Unfortunately, CT scan can only review the existence of cancer, but can not tell it is a primary or secondary cancer.
3. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the metastasis of cancer in the ovaries and surrounding areas.
4. Etc.
Stages
Pancreatic cancer is classified as 5 stages
1. Stage 0,
If the cancerous cell have not penetrated in deeper tissue but in the surface of the pancreas lining.
2. Stage I
The cancer is not ≤ 3 mm (1/8 inch) deep and ≤ 7 mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.1. Stage IA1:
The spreading is < 3mm(1/8 inch) deep and & less than 7mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.2. Stage IA2: The invasion area is ≥ 3 mm but ≤ 5 mm (about 1/5 inch) deep and & less than 7 mm (about 1/4 inch) wide.
b. Stage IB:
The cancer in this stage have invaded the connective tissue, & less than 5mm (1/5 inch).
b.1. Stage IB1:
Cancer is 4 cm large (1 3/4 inches).
b.2. Stage IB2:
Cancer is ≥ 4 cm (1 3/4 inches) but & less than 5cm (1/5 inch)
3. Stage II
In stage II, the cancerous cells have spread to distant tissues, but is still within the pancreas.
4. Stage III
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately surrounding the pancreas.
5. Stage IV
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately outside of the pancreas, other distant parts of the body
Prevention
A. How to avoid
1. Reduce intake of alcohol
As excessive drinking is one of risk of pancreatic cancer.
2. Eat more vegetables and fruits
By avoiding Western diet cause of the disease.
3. Control weight and exercise
researchers found that weight control and exercise reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer by 50%.
4. Eat organic foods
Avoid fast foods which contain high amount of trans fat, salt and preservatives.
5. Stop smoking
Smoking is associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer, it may be due the carcinogens in the smoke.
6. Etc.
B. Diet
1. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
2. Carrot
Carrot contains high amount of beta carotene which has shown to induce appotosis of cancer cells. In study of Cell Cycle Regulation and Induction of Apoptosis by β-carotene, researchers found that in vivo study warrants further confirmation that β-carotene acts as apoptosis agent in cancer cells particularly leukemia cells but not normal cells.
3. Freeze dried strawberry
In study of 36 participants consumed 60 grams of freeze dried strawberries daily for six months and completed a dietary diary chronicling their strawberry consumption. The results showed that 29 out of 36 participants experienced a decrease in histological grade of the precancerous lesions during the study.
4. Tomato
Many studies showed that antioxidant lycopene in tomato inhibits cancer cell growth and exhibit apoptosis, causing cell death.
5. Cruciferous vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, etc. beside contain high amount of antioxidants, but also phytonutrients that have been shown to help prevent the onset and halt the progression of certain cancers.
6. Etc.
C. Nutritional Supplements
1. Antioxidants
Antioxidants such free radical scavengers vitamin A, C, E enhance the immune system against the forming of free radicals and prevent the alternation of cell DNA cause of abnormal cell growth.
2. Flavonoids
In a study of flavonoids intake in human, The researchers found that flavonoids’ anticancer property has been proposed to exist via prevention of the formation of cancer-causing metabolites, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and stimulation of programmed tumor cell self-destruction (apoptosis).
3. Lycopene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
In a study of Lycopene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 cooperate in the inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of differentiation in HL-60 leukemic cells, researchers found that The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibited a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression. Such synergistic antiproliferative and differentiating effects of lycopene and other compounds found in the diet and in plasma may suggest the inclusion of the carotenoid in the diet as a cancer-preventive measure.
4. Quercetin
In study of effects of quercetin on human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells, researchers found that Quercetin could effectively inhibit the proliferation of Hep-2 cells and its mechanism is probably related to the apoptosis.
5. Polyphenols
In some clinical studies researchers suggested that the polyphenols in green tea, may play an important role in the prevention of cancer by killing cancerous cells and stopping their progression.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
1. Surgery
a. Depending to the location, grade and stage of the cancer and other factors
If the cancer is removable, it may be
a.1. Whipple procedure:
The procedure is to remove the head of pancreas together with parts of duodenum and bile duct and reconnect the remaining, sometime, a portion of the stomach is often removed as well.
b.1. Distal subtotal pancreatectomy:
The procedure is to remove the body and tail of the pancreas as well as the spleen.
b. Risks and side effect
Surgical and anesthesia risks
2. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is most use to treat with advance stage of cancer combined with radio therapy, as it has spread to a distant parts of the body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells. Pancreatic cancer is often respond well to chemotherapy, resulting of shrinking or stabilization of the tumor . Drugs used to treat ovarian caner include gemcitabine.
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
3. Radio therapy
a. Radiation may be used for stages II, III, and IV to kill any cancer cells remaining in the body. By using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation therapy kills the cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing. In pancreatic cancer, radiotherapy is helpful to improve quality of life and relieve the symptoms, including pain.
c. Side effects
c.1. Fatigue
c.2. Chest pain
c.3. Heart problem
c.4. Short of breath
c.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
c.6. Etc.
B. Herbal medicine
1. Aloe
in some studies, researchers suggest that some chemical compounds of aloe, such as acemannan, aloeride, and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) may have immunomodulating and anticancer effects.
2. Asparagus Cochinchinensis
In vitro studies researchers found that curcumin acts as a weak phytoestrogen, exhibits neuroprotective, antiproliferative and preventative effects against cancer.
3. Devil's Claw
The extract of Harpagophytum procumbens, commonly known as devil's claw,
In vitro studies, researchers found that cat's claw demonstrated anticancer effects against several cancer cell lines and has been reported to be effective in the treatment of lymphoma cancer, according to a study conducted by K. S. Wilson, M.D., which was published in the journal "Current Oncology" in August 2009.
4. Absinthe
Absinthe is also known as Wormwood, a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage flowers extracted from leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of Chinese folk medicine.
5. Scutellaria
Scutellaria is also known as skullcaps, a genus of flowering plants, genus Scutellaria, belonging to family Lamiaceae. In a study of Inhibition of Cancer Cell Proliferation and Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis by Scutellaria Baicalensis, researchers found that Scutellaria baicalensis selectively and effectively inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and can be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for HNSCC. Inhibition of PGE2 synthesis via suppression of COX-2 expression may be responsible for its anticancer activity.
6. Etc.
C. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. Bai Hua She She Cao
The Sanjiv Kumar YADAV, Shao Chin LEE (Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore researcher results showed that the ethanol extract from Bai Hua She She Cao effectively evokes cancer cell apoptosis, possibly through burst-mediated caspase activation.
2. Pu Kong Yin (Dandelion Root)
In a study of The efficacy of dandelion root extract in inducing apoptosis in drug-resistant human melanoma cells, researchers found that treatment with this common, yet potent extract of natural compounds has proven novel in specifically inducing apoptosis in chemoresistant melanoma, without toxicity to healthy cells.
3. Jiu Zi (Chinese leek)
In a study of A Pilot Study on Anticancer Activities of Chinese Leek researchers found that Chinese leek extract inhibited cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis in vitro. Oral administration of leek extract significantly reduced lung metastases in the present animal model.
4. Jie Geng
The Researchers found that Saponins in Jie Geng have been shown to very significantly augment the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and other targeted toxins directed against human cancer cells.
5. Xia Ku Cao (Selfheal Fruit-Spike)
Researchers found that cyasterone in Xia Ku Cao showed anti tumor activity.
6. Etc.
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
Cancer of pancreas or pancreatic cancer is defined as condition of a malignant neoplasm of the pancreas, as the cells have become cancerous and divided uncontrollably. Most pancreatic cancers start in the ducts (exocrine component of the pancreas) that carry pancreatic juices with cancer of an epithelium that originates in glandular tissue accounts for over 75 - 90% of all cases of exocrine cancers.
Causes and risk factors
1. Age
The risk of the disease increases with age. It may be caused by wear and tear or due to diet which have stressed out of the organ.
2. Gender
Men is at higher risk than women to develop pancreatic cancer due to more men are smokers and heavy drinkers
3. Foods contamination with chemical agent
As a result of contamination of food qi absorbed by the pancreas during digestion (TCM)
No one known how cigarette carcinogens trigger pancreatic cancer but the link is there.
4. Alcohol
Researchers suggested that pancreatic cancer may be is a predisposed of chronic pancreatitis due to excessive alcohol drinking.
5. Family history
Studies showed that 5–10% of pancreatic cancer patients have a family history of pancreatic cancer.
6. Western diet
Diet high in fat, sugar, artificial sweeteners, low veggies and fruits are at risk to develop pancreatic cancer.
7. Diabetes
Onset of diabetes is the early sign of the disease
8. Obesity
Obesity is one of the major cause of diabetes.
9. Smoking
According to the American Cancer Society, smoking increases the risks associated with pancreatic cancer
10. Etc.
1. Back pain
Due to tumor grows in the back of the pancreas
2. Unxeplained weight loss
Any unintentional weight loss over 10% may be a symptoms of cancer
3. Loss of appetite
This is another common symptoms of cancer
4. Pain and discomfort in the stomach area
Due to location of pancreas
5. Jaundice
Due the blockage of bile duct as the growth of the cancer, causing bile back up to the liver
6. Fat in stool increase
As a result of less bile flow in aiding digestion.
7. Etc.
Diagnosis and tests
1. Endoscopic retrograde cannulation of the pancreas (ERCP)
ERCP is a test to look for any normality of pancreas by taking the X ray with dye injected by a endoscopy (which is thin tube inserted through the mouth into the stomach then into the duodenum) into the pancreas duct.
2. CT scan
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the tumors abnormalities, such as spreading of cancer to the nearby structure and lymph nodes. This test is helped to determine whether liver abnormality is a cyst or a tumor. Unfortunately, CT scan can only review the existence of cancer, but can not tell it is a primary or secondary cancer.
3. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the metastasis of cancer in the ovaries and surrounding areas.
4. Etc.
Grades
The Grades of ovarian cancer are depending to the tendency of spreading. Low grade cancers usually grow more slowly and are less likely to spread while high grade cancer indicates otherwise.Stages
Pancreatic cancer is classified as 5 stages
1. Stage 0,
If the cancerous cell have not penetrated in deeper tissue but in the surface of the pancreas lining.
2. Stage I
In stage I, The cancerous cells are no longer in the surface but have invaded into deep pancreas lining, but still completely inside the pancreas.
a. Stage IA1The cancer is not ≤ 3 mm (1/8 inch) deep and ≤ 7 mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.1. Stage IA1:
The spreading is < 3mm(1/8 inch) deep and & less than 7mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.2. Stage IA2: The invasion area is ≥ 3 mm but ≤ 5 mm (about 1/5 inch) deep and & less than 7 mm (about 1/4 inch) wide.
b. Stage IB:
The cancer in this stage have invaded the connective tissue, & less than 5mm (1/5 inch).
b.1. Stage IB1:
Cancer is 4 cm large (1 3/4 inches).
b.2. Stage IB2:
Cancer is ≥ 4 cm (1 3/4 inches) but & less than 5cm (1/5 inch)
3. Stage II
In stage II, the cancerous cells have spread to distant tissues, but is still within the pancreas.
4. Stage III
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately surrounding the pancreas.
5. Stage IV
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately outside of the pancreas, other distant parts of the body
Prevention
A. How to avoid
1. Reduce intake of alcohol
As excessive drinking is one of risk of pancreatic cancer.
2. Eat more vegetables and fruits
By avoiding Western diet cause of the disease.
3. Control weight and exercise
researchers found that weight control and exercise reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer by 50%.
4. Eat organic foods
Avoid fast foods which contain high amount of trans fat, salt and preservatives.
5. Stop smoking
Smoking is associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer, it may be due the carcinogens in the smoke.
6. Etc.
B. Diet
1. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
2. Carrot
Carrot contains high amount of beta carotene which has shown to induce appotosis of cancer cells. In study of Cell Cycle Regulation and Induction of Apoptosis by β-carotene, researchers found that in vivo study warrants further confirmation that β-carotene acts as apoptosis agent in cancer cells particularly leukemia cells but not normal cells.
3. Freeze dried strawberry
In study of 36 participants consumed 60 grams of freeze dried strawberries daily for six months and completed a dietary diary chronicling their strawberry consumption. The results showed that 29 out of 36 participants experienced a decrease in histological grade of the precancerous lesions during the study.
4. Tomato
Many studies showed that antioxidant lycopene in tomato inhibits cancer cell growth and exhibit apoptosis, causing cell death.
5. Cruciferous vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, etc. beside contain high amount of antioxidants, but also phytonutrients that have been shown to help prevent the onset and halt the progression of certain cancers.
6. Etc.
C. Nutritional Supplements
1. Antioxidants
Antioxidants such free radical scavengers vitamin A, C, E enhance the immune system against the forming of free radicals and prevent the alternation of cell DNA cause of abnormal cell growth.
2. Flavonoids
In a study of flavonoids intake in human, The researchers found that flavonoids’ anticancer property has been proposed to exist via prevention of the formation of cancer-causing metabolites, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and stimulation of programmed tumor cell self-destruction (apoptosis).
3. Lycopene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
In a study of Lycopene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 cooperate in the inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of differentiation in HL-60 leukemic cells, researchers found that The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibited a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression. Such synergistic antiproliferative and differentiating effects of lycopene and other compounds found in the diet and in plasma may suggest the inclusion of the carotenoid in the diet as a cancer-preventive measure.
4. Quercetin
In study of effects of quercetin on human laryngeal cancer Hep-2 cells, researchers found that Quercetin could effectively inhibit the proliferation of Hep-2 cells and its mechanism is probably related to the apoptosis.
5. Polyphenols
In some clinical studies researchers suggested that the polyphenols in green tea, may play an important role in the prevention of cancer by killing cancerous cells and stopping their progression.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
1. Surgery
a. Depending to the location, grade and stage of the cancer and other factors
If the cancer is removable, it may be
a.1. Whipple procedure:
The procedure is to remove the head of pancreas together with parts of duodenum and bile duct and reconnect the remaining, sometime, a portion of the stomach is often removed as well.
b.1. Distal subtotal pancreatectomy:
The procedure is to remove the body and tail of the pancreas as well as the spleen.
b. Risks and side effect
Surgical and anesthesia risks
2. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is most use to treat with advance stage of cancer combined with radio therapy, as it has spread to a distant parts of the body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells. Pancreatic cancer is often respond well to chemotherapy, resulting of shrinking or stabilization of the tumor . Drugs used to treat ovarian caner include gemcitabine.
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
3. Radio therapy
a. Radiation may be used for stages II, III, and IV to kill any cancer cells remaining in the body. By using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation therapy kills the cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing. In pancreatic cancer, radiotherapy is helpful to improve quality of life and relieve the symptoms, including pain.
c. Side effects
c.1. Fatigue
c.2. Chest pain
c.3. Heart problem
c.4. Short of breath
c.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
c.6. Etc.
B. Herbal medicine
1. Aloe
in some studies, researchers suggest that some chemical compounds of aloe, such as acemannan, aloeride, and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) may have immunomodulating and anticancer effects.
2. Asparagus Cochinchinensis
In vitro studies researchers found that curcumin acts as a weak phytoestrogen, exhibits neuroprotective, antiproliferative and preventative effects against cancer.
3. Devil's Claw
The extract of Harpagophytum procumbens, commonly known as devil's claw,
In vitro studies, researchers found that cat's claw demonstrated anticancer effects against several cancer cell lines and has been reported to be effective in the treatment of lymphoma cancer, according to a study conducted by K. S. Wilson, M.D., which was published in the journal "Current Oncology" in August 2009.
4. Absinthe
Absinthe is also known as Wormwood, a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage flowers extracted from leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of Chinese folk medicine.
5. Scutellaria
Scutellaria is also known as skullcaps, a genus of flowering plants, genus Scutellaria, belonging to family Lamiaceae. In a study of Inhibition of Cancer Cell Proliferation and Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis by Scutellaria Baicalensis, researchers found that Scutellaria baicalensis selectively and effectively inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and can be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for HNSCC. Inhibition of PGE2 synthesis via suppression of COX-2 expression may be responsible for its anticancer activity.
6. Etc.
C. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. Bai Hua She She Cao
The Sanjiv Kumar YADAV, Shao Chin LEE (Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore researcher results showed that the ethanol extract from Bai Hua She She Cao effectively evokes cancer cell apoptosis, possibly through burst-mediated caspase activation.
2. Pu Kong Yin (Dandelion Root)
In a study of The efficacy of dandelion root extract in inducing apoptosis in drug-resistant human melanoma cells, researchers found that treatment with this common, yet potent extract of natural compounds has proven novel in specifically inducing apoptosis in chemoresistant melanoma, without toxicity to healthy cells.
3. Jiu Zi (Chinese leek)
In a study of A Pilot Study on Anticancer Activities of Chinese Leek researchers found that Chinese leek extract inhibited cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis in vitro. Oral administration of leek extract significantly reduced lung metastases in the present animal model.
4. Jie Geng
The Researchers found that Saponins in Jie Geng have been shown to very significantly augment the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and other targeted toxins directed against human cancer cells.
5. Xia Ku Cao (Selfheal Fruit-Spike)
Researchers found that cyasterone in Xia Ku Cao showed anti tumor activity.
6. Etc.
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
If you like what you read, please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Most common Types of Cancer - Ovarian Cancer - Epithelial ovarian Cancer
The ovaries are oval shaped ovum-producing reproductive organ in part of a woman's reproductive system connected to the fallopian tubes and attached to the outer layer of the uterus via the ovarian ligament. Usually, the left and right ovary takes turn to release an egg every month.
Ovarian cancer is defined as a condition of abnormal cells growth of ovarian cells as that have become cancerous. It is one of most common cancer in US, according to the statistics adapted from the American Cancer Society's publication, Cancer Facts & Figures 2010, an estimated 21,880 women in the United States will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 13,850 deaths.
Types
Ovarian cancer can be divided to the types below
A. Epithelial ovarian Cancer
Epithelial ovarian tumor also known as Surface epithelial-stromal tumor, as the name, it is a result of the cells on the surface of the ovary have become cancerous. Epithelial ovarian tumor is the most common form of ovarian cancer accounted for over 90% of ovarian cancer of all cases, including serous tumor, endometrioid tumor and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.
Ovarian cancer is defined as a condition of abnormal cells growth of ovarian cells as that have become cancerous. It is one of most common cancer in US, according to the statistics adapted from the American Cancer Society's publication, Cancer Facts & Figures 2010, an estimated 21,880 women in the United States will be diagnosed with ovarian cancer and 13,850 deaths.
Types
Ovarian cancer can be divided to the types below
A. Epithelial ovarian Cancer
Epithelial ovarian tumor also known as Surface epithelial-stromal tumor, as the name, it is a result of the cells on the surface of the ovary have become cancerous. Epithelial ovarian tumor is the most common form of ovarian cancer accounted for over 90% of ovarian cancer of all cases, including serous tumor, endometrioid tumor and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma.
B. Germ cell ovarian cancer
Germ cell ovarian tumor is a censer of the egg producing cells within the ovary and can be cancerous or non-cancerous tumors. It tends to occur in children and teens as a result of birth defects resulting from errors during development of the embryo.
C. Sex cord stromal ovarian cancer
Sex cord stromal ovarian tumor is a cancer of the tissue of the ovary accounted for 8% of ovarian cancers. The excess oestrogen produced by Sex cord stromal ovarian tumor can lead to certain symptoms, such as adult granulosa cell tumours and thecomas, postmenopausal bleeding, menorrhagia, amenorrhea, endometrial hyperplasia, etc. The cancer tend to develop in older age group.
D. Secondary cancer
Due to spread from other cancer to the ovaries.
E. Etc.
Epithelial ovarian Cancer
Symptoms
In early stage of the cancer, most women experience no specific symptoms or symptoms.
1. An abdominal mass
3. Back pain
4. Urinary urgency
5. Constipation
6. Tiredness
7. Pelvic pain4. Urinary urgency
5. Constipation
6. Tiredness
8. Abnormal vaginal bleeding or
9. Unintentional weight loss
Unintentional weight loss of over 10% is a concerned symptom of all cancers.9. Unintentional weight loss
10. Buildup of fluid in the abdominal cavity
11. Etc.Causes and risk factors
The risk of ovarian cancer increases for women between 50 to 70 years of age
2. Heredity
Women who carry certain mutation genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 account for 5%–13% of ovarian cancers
3. Family history
Increased risk of the disease, if one of your direct member family has history of the cancer.
4. Never pregnant
Researchers found that the risk of ovarian cancer is lower with numbers of pregnancy
5. Race
White women are associated with higher risk than other race
6. Hormone therapy
Risk of ovarian cancer increase with the use of hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal women.
7. Chemicalsexposures
Certain chemicals such as asbestos also increases the risk of ovarian cancer
8. High fat dietary
Researchers found that women who diet high in saturated fat and trans fat are at higher risk.
9. Fertility medication
Drugs used to enhance fertility such as Clomiphene citrate may increase the risk of ovarian cancer.
10. Milk
In a report According to the BBC, researchers found that women who drank two or more glasses a day were at double the risk of those who did not consume it at all, or only in small amounts.
11. Etc.
Diagnosis and tests
After taking the family history and physical examination of the pelvic region. diagnosis in general starts with
1. Blood test
The blood is to determine the presence of the CA-125 and sometimes other markers , the higher the levels indicates more advance of the disease.
After taking the family history and physical examination of the pelvic region. diagnosis in general starts with
1. Blood test
The blood is to determine the presence of the CA-125 and sometimes other markers , the higher the levels indicates more advance of the disease.
2. Gynecologic ultrasonography
Gynecologic ultrasonography is an ultrasound-based diagnostic imaging technique allowed your doctor to visualize the ovaries and around structures and to assess blood flow to the ovaries as well as looking for any abnormal cells growth mass, including cancer.
3. Ovarian biopsy
In ovarian biopsy, samples of ovaries are taken by a thin, tube-like instrument to examine under microscopy to review the stage of the cancer.
4. CT scan
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the tumors abnormalities, such as spreading of cancer to the nearby structure and lymph nodes. This test is helped to determine whether liver abnormality is a cyst or a tumor. Unfortunately, CT scan can only review the existence of cancer, but can not tell it is a primary or secondary cancer.
5. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the metastasis of cancer in the ovaries and surrounding areas.
6. Etc.
Grades
The Grades of ovarian cancer are depending to the tendency of spreading. Low grade cancers usually grow more slowly and are less likely to spread while high grade cancer indicates otherwise.Stages
Ovarian cancer is classified as 5 stages
1. Stage 0,
If the cancerous cell have not penetrated in deeper tissue but in the surface of the ovarian lining.
2. Stage I
In stage I, The cancerous cells are no longer in the surface but have invaded into deep ovaries lining, but still completely inside the ovaries.
a. Stage IA1The cancer is not ≤ 3 mm (1/8 inch) deep and ≤ 7 mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.1. Stage IA1:
The spreading is < 3mm(1/8 inch) deep and & less than 7mm (1/4 inch) wide.
a.2. Stage IA2: The invasion area is ≥ 3 mm but ≤ 5 mm (about 1/5 inch) deep and & less than 7 mm (about 1/4 inch) wide.
b. Stage IB:
The cancer in this stage have invaded the connective tissue, & less than 5cm (2 inch).
b.1. Stage IB1:
Cancer is 4 cm large (1 3/4 inches).
b.2. Stage IB2:
Cancer is ≥ 4 cm (1 3/4 inches) but & less than 5cm (2 inch)
3. Stage II
In stage II, the cancerous cells have spread to distant tissues, but is still within the lung.
4. Stage III
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately surrounding the lung.
5. Stage IV
In this stage, cancerous cells has spread to the tissues immediately outside of the ovaries, other distant parts of the body
Debulkability
Can all the tumor be removed surgically? Technically, it is sometime impossible but combining with chemotherapy or radiotherapy in many instants can lead to completely cure of the disease.
Prevention
A. How to prevent
1. PregnancyEarly age at first pregnancy, older age of final pregnancy reduce the risk, while never pregnant women are at higher risk.
2. Combine oral contraceptive pill
The use of low dose hormonal contraception have shown reduced risk of ovarian cancer.3. Breast feeding
Risk of ovarian cancer reduces with breast feeding.4. Others
a. Prophylactic Oophorectomy
It is only considered in patients proven to carry the following inherited cancer syndromes. It is for you benefits to have a cancer risk assessed,especially if you are young and want to have children.
b. Tubal ligation
The risk is also lower in women who have had their uterine tubes blocked surgically5. Etc.
B. With Diet
1. Soy
In laboratory studies, saponins have shown the ability to inhibit the reproduction of cancer cells and slow the growth of tumors in several different tissues.
2. Tomato
Many studies showed that antioxidant lycopene in tomato inhibits cancer cell growth and exhibit apoptosis, causing cell death.
3. Carrot
Carrot contains high amount of beta carotene which has shown to induce appotosis of cancer cells. In study of Cell Cycle Regulation and Induction of Apoptosis by β-carotene, researchers found that in vivo study warrants further confirmation that β-carotene acts as apoptosis agent in cancer cells particularly leukemia cells but not normal cells.
4. Brocolli and cabbage
In a study on mice , researchers found that compounds extracted from broccoli and cabbage could be a potent drug against melanoma. Also in tests on mice suggested these compounds, when combined with selenium, target tumors more safely and effectively than conventional therapy.
5. Green Tea
In a study of examination of the effects of green tea extracts, researcher found that halts growth of oral cancer cells and breaks down and kills existing oral cancer.
6. Red wine
A compound resveratrol found in red wine inhibits the abnormal cells of the skin. in the study from the Marshall University School of Medicine Researcher suggested that resveratrol causes apoptosis in human melanoma cells.
7. Etc.
C. With nutritional supplements
1. Antioxidants
Antioxidants such free radical scavengers vitamin A, C, E enhance the immune system against the forming of free radicals and prevent the alternation of cell DNA cause of abnormal cell growth. For more information of how antioxidants help to treat cancer, click here
2. Phytochemicals
Phytochemicals are under active research for possible benefits immune system, and as anti-cancer agents. Flavonoids found abundant in berry, inhibit caner cell in vitro study.
3. Beta -carotene
In some laboratory, animal, and human studies, researchers found that vitamin A, certain retinoids may also inhibit cancer development.
4. Lycopene
Lycopene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3
In a study of Lycopene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 cooperate in the inhibition of cell cycle progression and induction of differentiation in HL-60 leukemic cells, researchers found that The combination of low concentrations of lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibited a synergistic effect on cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell cycle progression. Such synergistic antiproliferative and differentiating effects of lycopene and other compounds found in the diet and in plasma may suggest the inclusion of the carotenoid in the diet as a cancer-preventive measure.
5. Indole-3-carbinol
Cabbage, a curciferous vegetables contains high amount of indole-3-carbinol, a chemical which boosts DNA repair in cells and appears to block the growth of cancer cells
6. Quercetin
Quercetin is a type of phytochemical, also known as a flavonoid. In cell culture or animal studies, researchers found that quercetin has activity against some types of cancer cells and suggested it may be potential benefits in treating cancer.
7. Etc.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
the aim of the treatment is to cure, because ovarian cancer risk of recurrence is very low but depending to the grade, stage and rebbulkability.
1. Surgery
a. In surgery, after determine the grade, stage and rebbulkability, the surgeon will try to remove as much as cancer infected area as possible.
b. Risks and side effects
Surgical and anesthesia risks
2. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is most use to treat with advance stage of cancer combined with radio therapy, as it has spread to a distant parts of the body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells. Ovarian cancer is often respond well to chemotherapy. Drugs used to treat ovarian caner include platinum, taxol, cis-platinum, ondansectron, etc.
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
3. Radio therapy
a. Radiation may be used for stages II, III, and IV to kill any cancer cells remaining in the body. By using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation therapy kills the cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing.
c. Side effects
c.1. Fatigue
c.2. Chest pain
c.3. Heart problem
c.4. Short of breath
c.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
c.6. Etc.
4. Intra-peritoneal therapy
a. Intra-peritoneal therapy is a treatment of injecting drugs directly into the abdomen.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Infection,
b.2. Blockage
b.3. Leak
b.4. Catheter-related complications
b.5. Abdominal pain,
b.6. Etc.
5. Neooadjuvant chemotherapy
a. Neooadjuvant chemotherapy is a type of chemotherapy using drugs to reduce the size and shrink the tumor before surgery.
b. Risks and side effects during treatment
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
6. Etc.
B. Herbal medicine
1. NettleA. In conventional medicine
the aim of the treatment is to cure, because ovarian cancer risk of recurrence is very low but depending to the grade, stage and rebbulkability.
1. Surgery
a. In surgery, after determine the grade, stage and rebbulkability, the surgeon will try to remove as much as cancer infected area as possible.
b. Risks and side effects
Surgical and anesthesia risks
2. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is most use to treat with advance stage of cancer combined with radio therapy, as it has spread to a distant parts of the body by using drugs taken by mouth or injected into a vein or muscle of the patient to stop the growth of or to kill cancer cells. Ovarian cancer is often respond well to chemotherapy. Drugs used to treat ovarian caner include platinum, taxol, cis-platinum, ondansectron, etc.
b. Side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
3. Radio therapy
a. Radiation may be used for stages II, III, and IV to kill any cancer cells remaining in the body. By using high-energy x-rays or other types of radiation, radiation therapy kills the cancer cells and keep them from growing or regrowing.
c. Side effects
c.1. Fatigue
c.2. Chest pain
c.3. Heart problem
c.4. Short of breath
c.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
c.6. Etc.
4. Intra-peritoneal therapy
a. Intra-peritoneal therapy is a treatment of injecting drugs directly into the abdomen.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Infection,
b.2. Blockage
b.3. Leak
b.4. Catheter-related complications
b.5. Abdominal pain,
b.6. Etc.
5. Neooadjuvant chemotherapy
a. Neooadjuvant chemotherapy is a type of chemotherapy using drugs to reduce the size and shrink the tumor before surgery.
b. Risks and side effects during treatment
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
6. Etc.
B. Herbal medicine
Nettle or stinging nettle, is a perennial plant growing in temperate and tropical wasteland areas around the world, genus Urtica, belonging to the family Urticaceae. In some studies, research found that nettle's anti-inflammatory actions are attributed to its ability to interrupt the production and actions of inflammation-producing immune cells in the body (cytokines, prostaglandins and leukotreines)
2. Fenugreek
Fenugreek is used both as a herb (the leaves) and as a spice (the seed), genus Trigonella, belonging to family Fabaceae. Vitro studies have shown that fenugreek exhibits chemopreventive properties against certain cancers.
3. Scutellaria
Scutellaria is also known as skullcaps, a genus of flowering plants, genus Scutellaria, belonging to family Lamiaceae. In a study of Inhibition of Cancer Cell Proliferation and Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis by Scutellaria Baicalensis, researchers found that Scutellaria baicalensis selectively and effectively inhibits cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo and can be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for HNSCC. Inhibition of PGE2 synthesis via suppression of COX-2 expression may be responsible for its anticancer activity.
4. Absinthe
Absinthe is also known as Wormwood, a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage flowers extracted from leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of Chinese folk medicine.
5. Turmeric
In a study conducted by S. Uddin and colleagues at the Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Saudi Arabia, researchers found that Curcumin in turmeric may inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma cancer by modulating cell cycling and inducing apoptosis.
6. Etc.
C. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. Wu Ling ZhiWu Ling Zhi is also known as Trogopterus Dung. The sweet, warm and cold herb has been used in TCM to treat painful menses, pain due to absence of menses, postpartum infection and pain, angina, uterine bleeding, etc. as it moves blood, calms pain, clears blood accumulation and stops bleeding by enhancing the function of liver channels. A report from China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica 2006-07 showed that Radix ex Rhizoma Ginseng and Trogopterus Dung inhibit the proliferation and induce the apoptosis of tumor cell.
2. Rou Gui
Rou Qui is also known as Cinnamon Bark. The sweet, acrid and very warm herb has been used in TCM to treat cold limbs, cold limbs, diarrhea, muscle spasm, headache, back pain, sweating and impotent and promote urination as it tonifies fire, enhances yang, disperses cold and promotes circulation in the channels by enhancing the functions of heart, ling and gallbladder channels. In a study in 2005. researcher found that Chemical aspects of coumarin compounds in cinnamon for the prevention of hepatocellular carcinomas.
3. Qing hao
Qing hao is also known as wormwood. The bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM to
trea lupus, schistosomiasis, chronic bronchitis (essential oil) to elevate the calcium ions of leukemia white cells, etc. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington researcher found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of Chinese folk medicine.
4. Gan Cao
Gan Cao is also known as Licorice root. The sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM as an anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti virus and bacteria, anti ulcer and anti convulsion agent and to get rid of toxins, promote secretion of insulin, protect liver from toxin, etc., as it tonifies the spleen, enhances qi, clears heat, expels phlegm and synergize other herbs by enhancing the functions of all 12 channels in the body. In-vitro, researchers found that Saponins stimulate the immune system and inhibit Epstein-Barr virus expression and possess anti-cancer activities.
5. Jiu Zi (Chinese leek)
In a study of A Pilot Study on Anticancer Activities of Chinese Leek researchers found that Chinese leek extract inhibited cancer cell growth and induced apoptosis in vitro. Oral administration of leek extract significantly reduced lung metastases in the present animal model.
8. Etc.
Please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Most common Types of Cancer - Multiple Myeloma (Myeloma)
Multiple myeloma (Myeloma) is a type of cancer originated from plasma cells in the bone marrow. It is a type of white blood cell normally responsible for the production of antibodies to protect our body against infection with some characteristics
Symptoms
1. Bone pain
Abnormal growth of plasma cell can cause collapse of the bone
2. Infection
Due to over crowd of abnormal plasma cells reduces the functions white blood cells produced by the bone marrow, leading to weakened immune system. Most common infection found to be pneumonias and pyelonephritis.
3. Anemia
As a result of malignant plasma cells has interfering with normal production of red blood cells
4. Bleeding
Due to lower production of platelet
5. Renal failure
Abnormal plasma cells can also effect the function of kidney in getting rid of waste, causing urea and creatinine accumulated in the bloodstream
6. Neurological symptoms
Due to hypercalcemia, as a result of the breakdown of bone cause of the release of calcium into the blood stream
a. Headache
b. Confusion
c. Fatigue
d. Radicular pain,
e. Loss of bowel or bladder control
7. Back pain
As a result of the small degree of collapse of the spine.
Causes of risk factors
1. Age
If you are between 50 and 70 years old you are at higher risk to develop Multiple Myeloma.
2. Gender
Men are more likely to develop multiple myeloma than women
3. Race
The cancer tends to affects blacks more often than whites
4. Previous multiple myeloma
People who previously had been treated with multiple myeloma are at higher risk to develop it again.
5. Exposed to certain chemicals
Increased risk of multiple myeloma if you are exposed to certain chemicals such as occupation.
6. Family history
If a direct member of the family has multiple myrloma, risk of the disease increased
7. Radiation
Increased risk of the cancer if you are exposed to radiation, such as radiation exposure of nuclear accident.
8. Etc.
Grades
The Grades of multiple myeloma are depending to the tendency of spreading. Low grade cancers usually grow more slowly and are less likely to spread while high grade cancer indicates otherwise.
Stages
Stages of the multiple myeloma may be classified according to the monoclonal protein or M protein or M band. High levels indicate that many myeloma cells are present but they also can indicate of kidney damage that occurs in some people with multiple myeloma.
Diagnosis and tests
After family history and careful physical examination, the first two tests that your doctor orders are
1. Blood and urine test
The blood and urine test are to determine the presence of the M band, the higher the levels indicates more advance of the disease. Although the presence of the M band in blood sample can be caused by other diseases, M band found in the urine is rare to others.
2. Bone marrow biopsy
The test usually is done in your doctor or in hospital as a outpatient by using a thin, tube-like needle inserted into the hip to withdraw a small sample from bone marrow. The sample will be view under microscopy by a pathologist to look for any abnormality of Multiple Myeloma.
3. X ray
X ray should be helpful to examine any damage of the bone as they have been dissolved by the cancerous cells.
4. Etc.
Prevention
A. How to prevent
1. Radiation and Toxic chemicals
Avoid directed contact with radiation or any toxic chemicals, such as the toxic chemicals benzene, pesticide. If not possible due to occupation, please take all pre-cautious.
2. Family history and previous multiple myeloma
Take a more active approach in examination by seeing your doctor more often, if one of your direct family had multiple myeloma in the past.
3.
B. With Diet
1. Cruciferous Vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, etc. beside contain high amount of antioxidants, but also phytonutrients that have been shown to help prevent the onset and halt the progression of certain cancers.
2. Soy
In laboratory studies, saponins have shown the ability to inhibit the reproduction of cancer cells and slow the growth of tumors in several different tissues.
3. Tomato
Many studies showed that antioxidant lycopene in tomato inhibits cancer cell growth and exhibit apoptosis, causing cell death.
4. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
5. Green-yellow and green leafy vegetables
In a population-based prospective study of Japanese individuals, researchers found that consumption of vegetables, green-yellow and green leafy vegetables was inversely associated with the risk of liver cancer. British Journal Cancer. 200. In fact, traditional Chinese medicine view the green color vegetables are liver tonification.
6. Etc.
C. With nutritional supplements
1. Antioxidants
Antioxidants such free radical scavengers vitamin A, C, E enhance the immune system against the forming of free radicals and prevent the alternation of cell DNA cause of abnormal cell growth. For more information of how antioxidants help to treat cancer, click here
2. Quercetin
Quercetin is a type of phytochemical, also known as a flavonoid. In cell culture or animal studies, researchers found that quercetin has activity against some types of cancer cells and suggested it may be potential benefits in treating cancer.
2. Flavonoids
In a study of flavonoids intake in human, The researchers found that flavonoids’ anticancer property has been proposed to exist via prevention of the formation of cancer-causing metabolites, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and stimulation of programmed tumor cell self-destruction (apoptosis).
3. Beta Carotene
In some laboratory, animal, and human studies, researchers found that vitamin A, certain retinoids may also inhibit cancer development.
4. Selenium
In a study of Selenium-induced Cytotoxicity of Human Leukemia Cells Interaction with Reduced Glutathione, researchers suggested that Only selenocystine and sodium selenite showed anti-tumor activity, and these were also the only compounds which demonstrated significant redox chemistry, including depletion of cellular glutathione, stimulation of glutathione reductase, and stimulation of oxygen consumption. The interaction of these two compounds with glutathione suggests an intriguing potential role for them in cancer therapy.
5. Etc.
Treatments
A. Conventional medicine
1. Chemotherapy
a. Chemotherapy, most of the time uses medications to eliminate cancer cells with IV or injection by giving of medicine directly into a vein or taking orally. As the medications travel through our bloodstream, they kill cancer cells throughout the body including the cancer of myeloma. It is the primary treatment for patient with multiple myeloma as it is a slow growing and very sensitive to certain drugs used, such as melphalan and steriods depending to the stage of the cancer.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
2. Biological therapy
By enhancing the body's own immune or hormonal system to kill cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells relatively intact with the use of antibodies to attack cancer cells or block their activities or interrupting the hormonal or chemical pathways of the cancers with certain drugs composed of small molecules. In multiple myeloma, bortezomib has been shown to be extreme effective.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Allergic reactions,
b. 2. Difficulty breathing, swelling,
b. 3. Nausea,
b.4. Fever or chills, and
b. 5. Dizziness and fatigue
b.6. Etc.
3. Radiotherapy
a. Radiation therapy or radiotherapy use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. If the esophageal cancer is on the upper part of the esopgagus, radio therapy is a choice to use to kill the cancer cells. If multiple myeloma has caused pain to one area or sustained a fracture to the bone then radiotherapy is recommended to reduce the symptoms.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Fatigue
b.2. Chest pain
b.3. Heart problem
b.4. Short of breath
b.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
b.6. Etc.
4. Surgery
a. Although surgery is not considered as a primary treatment, it is vital if a fracture occurs that unlikely it will heal itself.
b. Risks and side effects
Surgical and anesthesia risks
5. High dose therapy
a. High dose therapy may only be recommended in case of bone marrow transplant.
b. Side effects
See chemotherapy risks and side effects
6. Etc.
B. Herbal medicine
1. Absinthe
Absinthe is also known as Wormwood, a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage flowers extracted from leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of Chinese folk medicine.
2. Celandine
Celandine is a herbaceous perennial plant, genus Chelidonium, belonging to the family Papaveraceae, native to Europe and western Asia and introduced widely in North America.
In a study of Ukrain (Ukrain is an anticancer drug based on the extract of the plant)– a new cancer cure? A systematic review of randomised clinical trials, researcher suggested, according to the data from randomised clinical trials that Ukrain to have potential as an anticancer drug. However, numerous caveats prevent a positive conclusion, and independent rigorous studies are urgently needed.
3. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
4. Green tea
In a study od examination of the effects of green tea extracts, researcher found that halts growth of oral cancer cells and breaks down and kills existing oral cancer.
5. Pau D’Arco
Pau D’Arco is also known as Pink Lapacho, genus Tabebuia, belonging to family, native to the America. It contains high levels of alpha-lapachone, beta-lapachone and xyloidone demostrated anti cancer effects. An article published by Dr. Daniel B. Mowrey on Pau d'Arco stated that "Lapacho has produced clinical anti-cancer effects without side effects."
6. Etc.
C. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. Shan Dou Gen
Shan Dou Gen is also known as sophora root. The bitter, cold and toxic herb has been used in TCM to hemorrhoids, cancer of the bladder, acute tonsillitis, psoriasis, hepatitis due to viral infection, etc. In a study, researcher found that purified compound Shan Dou Gen induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells and identified it as sophoranone... Our results indicate that sophoranone might be a unique apoptosis-inducing anticancer agent that targets mitochondria." Int J Cancer 2002 Jun 20;99(6):879-90
2. Jie geng is also known as Platycodon Root. The acrid, bitter and neutral herb has been use in TCM as anti-inflammatory, anti ulcers agent and to inhibit cough, treat bronchitis, sore throat etc., as it stimulates the lung in dispersing and descending functions, transforms phlegm, etc., by enhancing the functions of the lung channels.The Researchers found that Saponins in Jie Geng have been shown to very significantly augment the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and other targeted toxins directed against human cancer cells.
3. Qing Hao
Qing hao is also known as wormwood. The bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM to
trea lupus, schistosomiasis, chronic bronchitis (essential oil) to elevate the calcium ions of leukemia white cells, etc. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington researcher found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of Chinese folk medicine.
4. Bai Hua She She Cao The Sanjiv Kumar YADAV, Shao Chin LEE(Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore researcher results showed that the ethanol extract from Bai Hua She She Cao effectively evokes cancer cell apoptosis, possibly through burst-mediated caspase activation.
5. Etc.
Symptoms
1. Bone pain
Abnormal growth of plasma cell can cause collapse of the bone
2. Infection
Due to over crowd of abnormal plasma cells reduces the functions white blood cells produced by the bone marrow, leading to weakened immune system. Most common infection found to be pneumonias and pyelonephritis.
3. Anemia
As a result of malignant plasma cells has interfering with normal production of red blood cells
4. Bleeding
Due to lower production of platelet
5. Renal failure
Abnormal plasma cells can also effect the function of kidney in getting rid of waste, causing urea and creatinine accumulated in the bloodstream
6. Neurological symptoms
Due to hypercalcemia, as a result of the breakdown of bone cause of the release of calcium into the blood stream
a. Headache
b. Confusion
c. Fatigue
d. Radicular pain,
e. Loss of bowel or bladder control
7. Back pain
As a result of the small degree of collapse of the spine.
Causes of risk factors
1. Age
If you are between 50 and 70 years old you are at higher risk to develop Multiple Myeloma.
2. Gender
Men are more likely to develop multiple myeloma than women
3. Race
The cancer tends to affects blacks more often than whites
4. Previous multiple myeloma
People who previously had been treated with multiple myeloma are at higher risk to develop it again.
5. Exposed to certain chemicals
Increased risk of multiple myeloma if you are exposed to certain chemicals such as occupation.
6. Family history
If a direct member of the family has multiple myrloma, risk of the disease increased
7. Radiation
Increased risk of the cancer if you are exposed to radiation, such as radiation exposure of nuclear accident.
8. Etc.
Grades
The Grades of multiple myeloma are depending to the tendency of spreading. Low grade cancers usually grow more slowly and are less likely to spread while high grade cancer indicates otherwise.
Stages
Stages of the multiple myeloma may be classified according to the monoclonal protein or M protein or M band. High levels indicate that many myeloma cells are present but they also can indicate of kidney damage that occurs in some people with multiple myeloma.
Diagnosis and tests
After family history and careful physical examination, the first two tests that your doctor orders are
1. Blood and urine test
The blood and urine test are to determine the presence of the M band, the higher the levels indicates more advance of the disease. Although the presence of the M band in blood sample can be caused by other diseases, M band found in the urine is rare to others.
2. Bone marrow biopsy
The test usually is done in your doctor or in hospital as a outpatient by using a thin, tube-like needle inserted into the hip to withdraw a small sample from bone marrow. The sample will be view under microscopy by a pathologist to look for any abnormality of Multiple Myeloma.
3. X ray
X ray should be helpful to examine any damage of the bone as they have been dissolved by the cancerous cells.
4. Etc.
Prevention
A. How to prevent
1. Radiation and Toxic chemicals
Avoid directed contact with radiation or any toxic chemicals, such as the toxic chemicals benzene, pesticide. If not possible due to occupation, please take all pre-cautious.
2. Family history and previous multiple myeloma
Take a more active approach in examination by seeing your doctor more often, if one of your direct family had multiple myeloma in the past.
3.
B. With Diet
1. Cruciferous Vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, etc. beside contain high amount of antioxidants, but also phytonutrients that have been shown to help prevent the onset and halt the progression of certain cancers.
2. Soy
In laboratory studies, saponins have shown the ability to inhibit the reproduction of cancer cells and slow the growth of tumors in several different tissues.
3. Tomato
Many studies showed that antioxidant lycopene in tomato inhibits cancer cell growth and exhibit apoptosis, causing cell death.
4. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
5. Green-yellow and green leafy vegetables
In a population-based prospective study of Japanese individuals, researchers found that consumption of vegetables, green-yellow and green leafy vegetables was inversely associated with the risk of liver cancer. British Journal Cancer. 200. In fact, traditional Chinese medicine view the green color vegetables are liver tonification.
6. Etc.
C. With nutritional supplements
1. Antioxidants
Antioxidants such free radical scavengers vitamin A, C, E enhance the immune system against the forming of free radicals and prevent the alternation of cell DNA cause of abnormal cell growth. For more information of how antioxidants help to treat cancer, click here
2. Quercetin
Quercetin is a type of phytochemical, also known as a flavonoid. In cell culture or animal studies, researchers found that quercetin has activity against some types of cancer cells and suggested it may be potential benefits in treating cancer.
2. Flavonoids
In a study of flavonoids intake in human, The researchers found that flavonoids’ anticancer property has been proposed to exist via prevention of the formation of cancer-causing metabolites, inhibition of tumor cell proliferation, and stimulation of programmed tumor cell self-destruction (apoptosis).
3. Beta Carotene
In some laboratory, animal, and human studies, researchers found that vitamin A, certain retinoids may also inhibit cancer development.
4. Selenium
In a study of Selenium-induced Cytotoxicity of Human Leukemia Cells Interaction with Reduced Glutathione, researchers suggested that Only selenocystine and sodium selenite showed anti-tumor activity, and these were also the only compounds which demonstrated significant redox chemistry, including depletion of cellular glutathione, stimulation of glutathione reductase, and stimulation of oxygen consumption. The interaction of these two compounds with glutathione suggests an intriguing potential role for them in cancer therapy.
5. Etc.
Treatments
A. Conventional medicine
1. Chemotherapy
a. Chemotherapy, most of the time uses medications to eliminate cancer cells with IV or injection by giving of medicine directly into a vein or taking orally. As the medications travel through our bloodstream, they kill cancer cells throughout the body including the cancer of myeloma. It is the primary treatment for patient with multiple myeloma as it is a slow growing and very sensitive to certain drugs used, such as melphalan and steriods depending to the stage of the cancer.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Nausea
b.2. Vomiting
b.3. Hair loss
b.4. Fatigue
b.5. Anemia
b.6. Mouth sores taste and smell changes
b.7. Infection
b.8. Etc.
2. Biological therapy
By enhancing the body's own immune or hormonal system to kill cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells relatively intact with the use of antibodies to attack cancer cells or block their activities or interrupting the hormonal or chemical pathways of the cancers with certain drugs composed of small molecules. In multiple myeloma, bortezomib has been shown to be extreme effective.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Allergic reactions,
b. 2. Difficulty breathing, swelling,
b. 3. Nausea,
b.4. Fever or chills, and
b. 5. Dizziness and fatigue
b.6. Etc.
3. Radiotherapy
a. Radiation therapy or radiotherapy use of high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. If the esophageal cancer is on the upper part of the esopgagus, radio therapy is a choice to use to kill the cancer cells. If multiple myeloma has caused pain to one area or sustained a fracture to the bone then radiotherapy is recommended to reduce the symptoms.
b. Risks and side effects
b.1. Fatigue
b.2. Chest pain
b.3. Heart problem
b.4. Short of breath
b.5. Skin discoloration or pinkness, irritation.
b.6. Etc.
4. Surgery
a. Although surgery is not considered as a primary treatment, it is vital if a fracture occurs that unlikely it will heal itself.
b. Risks and side effects
Surgical and anesthesia risks
5. High dose therapy
a. High dose therapy may only be recommended in case of bone marrow transplant.
b. Side effects
See chemotherapy risks and side effects
6. Etc.
B. Herbal medicine
1. Absinthe
Absinthe is also known as Wormwood, a distilled, highly alcoholic beverage flowers extracted from leaves of the herb Artemisia absinthium. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of Chinese folk medicine.
2. Celandine
Celandine is a herbaceous perennial plant, genus Chelidonium, belonging to the family Papaveraceae, native to Europe and western Asia and introduced widely in North America.
In a study of Ukrain (Ukrain is an anticancer drug based on the extract of the plant)– a new cancer cure? A systematic review of randomised clinical trials, researcher suggested, according to the data from randomised clinical trials that Ukrain to have potential as an anticancer drug. However, numerous caveats prevent a positive conclusion, and independent rigorous studies are urgently needed.
3. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
4. Green tea
In a study od examination of the effects of green tea extracts, researcher found that halts growth of oral cancer cells and breaks down and kills existing oral cancer.
5. Pau D’Arco
Pau D’Arco is also known as Pink Lapacho, genus Tabebuia, belonging to family, native to the America. It contains high levels of alpha-lapachone, beta-lapachone and xyloidone demostrated anti cancer effects. An article published by Dr. Daniel B. Mowrey on Pau d'Arco stated that "Lapacho has produced clinical anti-cancer effects without side effects."
6. Etc.
C. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. Shan Dou Gen
Shan Dou Gen is also known as sophora root. The bitter, cold and toxic herb has been used in TCM to hemorrhoids, cancer of the bladder, acute tonsillitis, psoriasis, hepatitis due to viral infection, etc. In a study, researcher found that purified compound Shan Dou Gen induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells and identified it as sophoranone... Our results indicate that sophoranone might be a unique apoptosis-inducing anticancer agent that targets mitochondria." Int J Cancer 2002 Jun 20;99(6):879-90
2. Jie geng is also known as Platycodon Root. The acrid, bitter and neutral herb has been use in TCM as anti-inflammatory, anti ulcers agent and to inhibit cough, treat bronchitis, sore throat etc., as it stimulates the lung in dispersing and descending functions, transforms phlegm, etc., by enhancing the functions of the lung channels.The Researchers found that Saponins in Jie Geng have been shown to very significantly augment the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and other targeted toxins directed against human cancer cells.
3. Qing Hao
Qing hao is also known as wormwood. The bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM to
trea lupus, schistosomiasis, chronic bronchitis (essential oil) to elevate the calcium ions of leukemia white cells, etc. In a study, researcher at the University of Washington researcher found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of Chinese folk medicine.
4. Bai Hua She She Cao The Sanjiv Kumar YADAV, Shao Chin LEE(Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore researcher results showed that the ethanol extract from Bai Hua She She Cao effectively evokes cancer cell apoptosis, possibly through burst-mediated caspase activation.
5. Etc.
Most common Types of Cancer - Mouth ( Oral Cancer) Cancer
Oral cancer is any malignant cell growth in the tissue located in the oral cavity, including the tissue of the lips or the tongue, cheek lining, floor of the mouth, gums (gingiva) and the roof of the mouth (palate).
Causes and risk factors
1. Smoking
In the studies of studies, Cancer Prevention Study (CPS) I and II, sponsored by the American Cancer Society (ACS), Researchers found that the mortality risk for oral cancer in cigarette smokers is substantially greater than that observed among life long never smokers. may be as a result of irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth from smoke and heat of cigarettes and cigars.
2. Alcohol drinking
Alcohol drinking is known to promote oral cancer. Oral cancer risk increases if a person is both a heavy smoker and drinker.
3. Chewing tobacco
May be as a result of irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth from chemicals in the tobacco
4. Chewing betel nut
May be caused by chemical compound which irritate the mucous membranes of the mouth
5. Age
Most cases of oral cancer is diagnosed at ages of over fifties.
6. Sun exposure to the lips
Prolonged period exposure to sunlight can cause damage to the cells of the lips, and increased risk of oral cancer
7. Mouth wash
Recent studies in Australia, Brazil and Germany point to alcohol-containing mouthwashes as also being etiologic agents in the oral cancer risk family
8. Gender
Men are more likely to develop oral cancer. It may be due to smoking and drinking habit
9. Chronic irritation
Bad teeth and bad feeling may contributed to increased risk of oral cancer
10. Etc.
Symptoms
1. Poorly healing mouth ulcer
Poorly healing mouth ulcer indicates something are wrong within the cells and can be cancerous, if left untreated for a prolonged period of time.
2. A sore that does not heal on the lip or in the mouth
If the ulcer does not heal with 2 weeks, it may be a sign of abnormal cell growth or tumor
3. A lump or thickening in the oral cavity
Due to cell growth irregularity
4. Patches that are white or red (or both) inside the mouth or on the lips
May be due to infection or inflammation
5. Loose teeth
May be due to inflammation of gingivitis
6. Dentures that not fit well
It increases the risk of infection and gum damage
7. Problems speaking clearly
8. A lump in the neck
Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the neck region
9. Etc.
Types of oral cancer
1. Squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma is one of most common types of oral cancer account for over 90% of all cases and arises from the squamous cell layer in the lining of the oral cavity and oropharynx.Causes and risk factors
1. Smoking
In the studies of studies, Cancer Prevention Study (CPS) I and II, sponsored by the American Cancer Society (ACS), Researchers found that the mortality risk for oral cancer in cigarette smokers is substantially greater than that observed among life long never smokers. may be as a result of irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth from smoke and heat of cigarettes and cigars.
2. Alcohol drinking
Alcohol drinking is known to promote oral cancer. Oral cancer risk increases if a person is both a heavy smoker and drinker.
3. Chewing tobacco
May be as a result of irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth from chemicals in the tobacco
4. Chewing betel nut
May be caused by chemical compound which irritate the mucous membranes of the mouth
5. Age
Most cases of oral cancer is diagnosed at ages of over fifties.
6. Sun exposure to the lips
Prolonged period exposure to sunlight can cause damage to the cells of the lips, and increased risk of oral cancer
7. Mouth wash
Recent studies in Australia, Brazil and Germany point to alcohol-containing mouthwashes as also being etiologic agents in the oral cancer risk family
8. Gender
Men are more likely to develop oral cancer. It may be due to smoking and drinking habit
9. Chronic irritation
Bad teeth and bad feeling may contributed to increased risk of oral cancer
10. Etc.
Symptoms
1. Poorly healing mouth ulcer
Poorly healing mouth ulcer indicates something are wrong within the cells and can be cancerous, if left untreated for a prolonged period of time.
2. A sore that does not heal on the lip or in the mouth
If the ulcer does not heal with 2 weeks, it may be a sign of abnormal cell growth or tumor
3. A lump or thickening in the oral cavity
Due to cell growth irregularity
4. Patches that are white or red (or both) inside the mouth or on the lips
May be due to infection or inflammation
5. Loose teeth
May be due to inflammation of gingivitis
6. Dentures that not fit well
It increases the risk of infection and gum damage
7. Problems speaking clearly
8. A lump in the neck
Cancer has spread to the lymph nodes in the neck region
9. Etc.
Types of oral cancer
1. Squamous cell carcinoma
2. Verrucous carcinoma
The low grade rarely spread verrucous carcinoma is uncommon accounted only appraximate 5% of all cases, buti t can spread deeply into surrounding tissue.
3. Minor salivary gland cancers
The cancer is originated from the salivary gland accounted less than 1% of all cases
Diagnosis and tests
1. Biopsy
2. Quadroscopy
This is a test used a thin, tube-like instrument with light and canera at the end to examine or remove tissue samples of belowa. Esophargoscopy It is the examination of the interior of the esophagus to look for any abnormal cells growth.
b. Gastroscopy
It is the examination of the interior of the stomach and duodenum to look for any abnormalityc. Bronchoscopy
Examination of the lower airway with the same purposes.d. Nasopharyngoscopy
Examination of the upper airway with the same purposes.2. X ray
Chest X ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation to take image and check for any abnormality of the lung.3. CT Scan (computerized tomography)
A CT scan generates a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation, to create a three-dimensional picture of the inside of the body in details.The pictures are viewed by your doctor to see the extent of the tumors abnormalities, such as spreading of cancer to the nearby structure and lymph nodes. CT scan can only review the existence of cancer, but it can not tell it is a primary or secondary cancer.4. MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the metastasis of cancer in the lymph nodes and surrounding areas.
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) is one of many advanced technology used to visualize internal structures cross sectional imaging of your body used effectively in providing the better details of the metastasis of cancer in the lymph nodes and surrounding areas.
5. Etc.
Grades
The Grades of oral cancer are depending to the tendency of spreading. Low grade cancers usually grow more slowly and are less likely to spread while high grade cancer indicates otherwise.
Stages
1. Stage O
Benign tumor
2. Stage I
The cancer is < 2 cm in size (about 1 inch), with no lymph nodes spreading found in the area.
3. Stage II
The cancer is ≥ 2 cm in size, but < 4 cm (less than 2 inches), with no lymph nodes spreading found in the area.
The cancer is ≥ cm in size, or any size with only one lymph node on the same side of the neck as of the cancer. The cancerous node is ≤ 3 cm (about one inch).
5. Stage IV
The cancer has spread to tissues around the lip and oral cavity with lymph nodes in the area may or may be infected. The cancer of any size and has spread to more than one lymph node on the same side of the neck or lymph nodes on one or both sides of the neck, or to any lymph node that measures ≥ 6 cm (over 2 inches) in size or to distant parts of the body.
5. Stage IV
The cancer has spread to tissues around the lip and oral cavity with lymph nodes in the area may or may be infected. The cancer of any size and has spread to more than one lymph node on the same side of the neck or lymph nodes on one or both sides of the neck, or to any lymph node that measures ≥ 6 cm (over 2 inches) in size or to distant parts of the body.
Prevention
A. How to avoid
As smoking is one the major cause of oral cancer due to carcinogen constantly burning up and irritating the oral cavity.
2. Alcohol
Researchers found that people with drinking and smoking habits are at risk in developing oral cancer.3. Reduce sun light
Your lips is at risk to oral cancer, if it is exposed and damaged by sun UV.4. Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Researchers found that people infected infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV) may increase the risk of oral cancer.5. Stop chewing tobacco
Tobacco contains certain amount of chemical compounds which can burn up and damage the oral cavity.6. Examination
Oral cancer in most of the time is discovered by your dentist.7. Warning sides
Any warning signs such as a lump around the mouth, sores on the mouth that bleed, trouble chewing or swallowing, sensitivity in your mouth, etc. should be examined by your doctor.8. Etc.
B. Diet
1. Vinegar
In a laboratory study, researchers found that vinegar may be able to kill cancer cells or slow their growth.
2. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
3. Foods with high amount of dietary fiber
In a preliminary clinical trial, researchers found that a diet high in fiber (in conjunction with lifestyle changes and conventional medication) may help protect against certain types of cancer.4. Cruciferous Vegetables
Cruciferous vegetables such as cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage, etc. beside contain high amount of antioxidants, but also phytonutrients that have been shown to help prevent the onset and halt the progression of certain cancers.
5. Etc.
C. Nutritional supplements
1. AntioxidantsAntioxidants such free radical scavengers vitamin A, C, E enhance the immune system against the forming of free radicals and prevent the alternation of cell DNA cause of abnormal cell growth.
2. Modified citrus pectin
In a study of researcher found modified citrus pectin may help block the growth and metastasis of solid tumors.3. Selenium
In a study of Selenium and oral cancer. Review of the literature researchers found that The toxic effect of free oxygen radicals has been suggested to have carcinogenic properties, and this hypothesis may be the link between low selenium levels and increased cancer morbidity.4. Quercetin
Quercetin is a type of phytochemical, also known as a flavonoid. In cell culture or animal studies, researchers found that quercetin has activity against some types of cancer cells and suggested it may be potential benefits in treating cancer.
Quercetin is a type of phytochemical, also known as a flavonoid. In cell culture or animal studies, researchers found that quercetin has activity against some types of cancer cells and suggested it may be potential benefits in treating cancer.
5. Etc.
Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
1. Surgery
Surgery of oral cancer is depended to the size, position and appearance after surgery. If a large portion of tissue is removed, the reconstructive surgery should be essential to the patient. the aims of the surgery is to provide maximum cure with minimum affects to the patient appreanece
2. Radiotherapy
Oral cancer has been responsive well to radiotherapy treatment and is recommended to area with inaccessible area to surgery.
3. Chemotherapy
Drugs used in chemotherapy includes platinum, bleomycin, vinsblastine, etc.
4. Layer therapy
Layer therapy may used only in certain circumstance.
B. Herbal medicine
1. Wild asparagus
In a study from Rohtak, India, tested extracts from several plants used in traditional or folk medicine against microbials found in the mouths of oral cancer patients, researchers found that eight of the plants tested were able to significantly affect the growth of organisms collected by oral swab, and pure cultures of bacteria and fungi grown in the lab, including wild asparagus.
2. Curcumin
In a study conducted by S. Uddin and colleagues at the Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Saudi Arabia, researchers found that Curcumin in turmeric may inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma cancer by modulating cell cycling and inducing apoptosis.
3. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
4. Green tea
In a study od examination of the effects of green tea extracts, researcher found that halts growth of oral cancer cells and breaks down and kills existing oral cancer.
5. Etc.
C. Traditional Chinese medicine
1. Lei Gong Teng (Thunder God Vine) and Teng Huang (Gamboge)Treatments
A. In conventional medicine
1. Surgery
Surgery of oral cancer is depended to the size, position and appearance after surgery. If a large portion of tissue is removed, the reconstructive surgery should be essential to the patient. the aims of the surgery is to provide maximum cure with minimum affects to the patient appreanece
2. Radiotherapy
Oral cancer has been responsive well to radiotherapy treatment and is recommended to area with inaccessible area to surgery.
3. Chemotherapy
Drugs used in chemotherapy includes platinum, bleomycin, vinsblastine, etc.
4. Layer therapy
Layer therapy may used only in certain circumstance.
B. Herbal medicine
1. Wild asparagus
In a study from Rohtak, India, tested extracts from several plants used in traditional or folk medicine against microbials found in the mouths of oral cancer patients, researchers found that eight of the plants tested were able to significantly affect the growth of organisms collected by oral swab, and pure cultures of bacteria and fungi grown in the lab, including wild asparagus.
2. Curcumin
In a study conducted by S. Uddin and colleagues at the Department of Human Cancer Genomic Research at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in Saudi Arabia, researchers found that Curcumin in turmeric may inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma cancer by modulating cell cycling and inducing apoptosis.
3. Garlic
An analysis of several case-controlled studies in Europe suggests an inverse association between garlic consumption and risk of common cancers.
4. Green tea
In a study od examination of the effects of green tea extracts, researcher found that halts growth of oral cancer cells and breaks down and kills existing oral cancer.
5. Etc.
C. Traditional Chinese medicine
Celastrol is a chemical found in the Chinese herb called Lei Gong Teng (Tripterygii Wilfordi Radix Folium). Gambogic acid (GA) is a major active ingredient of Teng Huang gamboge. A recent study was conducted at the Medical College of Georgia in Atlanta, funded in part by the by National Institutes of Health, the Mayo Foundation and a grant from the American Heart Association. The study reported a “combination of Gambogic acid (GA) and celastrol has a synergistic antitumor effect” and concluded this “may be a promising modality for treating oral squamous cell carcinoma.”
2. Bai Hua She She Cao The Sanjiv Kumar YADAV, Shao Chin LEE(Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore researcher results showed that the ethanol extract from Bai Hua She She Cao effectively evokes cancer cell apoptosis, possibly through burst-mediated caspase activation.
3. Ban Zhi Lian
Ban Zhi Lian is also known as scutellaria. The bitter and cool herb has been used in TCM as diuretic and to treat tumors and cancer as it clears heat, expels toxins, eliminates stagnation, stops bleeding and calms pain by enhancing the functions of lung, liver, spleen, stomach and large intestine channels. In a recent study results suggest that ginger, tea, and a Chinese herb called Scutellaria barbata or Ban Zhi Lian could all help to prevent cancer.4. Etc.
For other health articles, please visit http://medicaladvisorjournals.blogspot.com/
Please follow me at http://twitter.com/kylejnorton
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)